《小镇畸人》异化分析

发布时间：2018-04-29 06:37

本文选题：异化 + 真爱　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，舍伍德·安德森的小说《小镇畸人》逐渐引起了国内外许多学者的关注，并被研读和评述，成为令人感动，感叹和感触的文学佳作。安德森虽然没有获得过诺贝尔奖和普利策奖之类的大奖，但是，他为很多美国现代作家所欣赏，被誉为当时那一代美国作家的导师，对著名作家福克纳，海明威的影响很深远，所以，在美国现代文学史上，他享有举足轻重的地位，无愧于伟大的导师。虽然，《小镇畸人》在评论界引起了很大的争议，但是它确实称得上是美国的异化的寓言。因为这部作品给美国社会带来前所未有的震撼，对二十世纪初的美国乡镇生活具有普遍的象征意义。其主题也一直撞击着日后日益发展和发达的社会，使人们在有意或无意之中无数次以从未有过的心态和郑重来审视人类的生存空间和生存状态以及生存归宿。《小镇畸人》栩栩如生地刻画了二十世纪初美国社会转型时期一群孤独的人物，他们都被残酷的现实所抛弃和扭曲。这些人物的身上都闪现着可贵的品质，震撼着无数读者的心扉，叩击现代人灵魂的深处。这些所谓的畸人被传统的枷锁紧紧束缚，虽然他们都执着地追求爱，渴望爱，却陷入了一种为爱所困的可怜可悲的境地，同时又被忽视，冷落和讥笑。这部作品之所以如此吸引读者的心灵，其奥秘之处就在于它的主题。本文主题值得一代又一代人进行无穷无尽的思索与探索，因为它们直接渗透到人类物质文明和精神文明的方方面面，与人类的生活息息相关。很多研究者分别从异化，自然主义，现代主义等多角度对此作品进行了诠释。此外，本论文着重从异化的角度分析住在瓦伦斯堡小镇上的“畸人”的生活言行和思想，揭示这部作品的艺术感染力，以此来指出新的研究价值，起到指导现实的作用。尤为重要的是，作为美国的异化的寓言，《小镇畸人》所体现的异化主题对现实社会具有普遍意义。在现代文学史中，异化作为重要而又广泛的理论和主题，有着十分重要的分量；在现代社会生活和实践中，这种处处存在，时时可见的异化已成为一种严酷的社会现象，其已严重威胁和阻碍了和谐社会的构建，乃至世界的健康发展，进而，左右着爱的生存或毁灭。本论文由三部分构成，即引言主体和结论，系统性地论述《小镇畸人》的异化理论。引言部分主要涉及舍伍德·安德森在美国以及世界文学史上的地位和《小镇畸人》的国内外研究情况；同时也阐述本论文的写作角度和创新之处以及文学研究价值。主体部分分三章。第一章主要是从马克思主义异化观和存在主义异化观的角度，阐释与叙述异化与安德森以及异化与安德森笔下的畸人之间的联系。详细阐述安德森异化的来源，形成和趋向。探索与揭示了小镇上的畸人变畸的根源。本论文主要以分析作品中典型的人物内心世界为基础，以联系人类社会和异化的纽带---人类情感为出发点，指出在小镇畸人生存的社会中作为人类情感的核心的爱的缺失，离疏和扭曲。展现人性的美好，因为正是在这种异化的生活中，“畸人”的可贵品质得到了彰显，成为现代社会宝贵的底蕴。第二章是最主要的部分，从三个层次分析瓦伦斯堡短篇故事，展示了人与社会，人与人，人自身的异化。故事中的很多人物都很孤独，寂寞，痛苦，他们都在现实中挣扎，总是要坚持寻求真理，追求真爱，却被社会所遗弃，无法与他人沟通，封闭了自我，最终徘徊在社会边缘，失落于他人世界，困顿在自我离疏。第三章是对于畸人们的身心特征和象征性景物的细节性的描写的领悟，以独特的方式体现了异化。这群生动的群体活动在特定的时间和空间里，无论是在白天还是黑夜，无论是独对漠然的墙壁还是沉思于紧闭的窗前，这些人物都被认为是畸人，都生活在离疏中，因为他们已经无法归属于那个异化了的社会。结论部分主要是为了阐述其现实意义。像瓦伦斯堡这样的小镇已经随着斗转星移而遍及美国乡镇和城市，以及全世界其它的每个角落。以本部作品的中心人物乔治的成长为线索，展望这种遍及全世界的异化的前途，呼吁人们要重视人类的生存状态，为走出异化的迷途，构建和谐社会而努力。乔治心智成熟和离开瓦伦斯堡预示着这个小镇的希望；这个小镇的希望象征着现代社会的拯救。因此，现代人应该不遗余力，摆脱异化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Sherwood Anderson's novel < town deformers > has gradually aroused the attention of many scholars at home and abroad, and has been studied and commented to become a moving, exclamation and touching literary masterpiece. Although Anderson has not won the Nobel prize and Pulitzer prize, he has been appreciated by many American modern writers and is praised for their reputation. As a tutor of that generation of American writers at that time, he had a profound influence on the famous writer Faulkner and Hemingway. So, in the history of modern American literature, he enjoyed a very important position and deserved a great tutor. Although "the small town" has caused great controversy in the commentary, but it is indeed a fable of the alienation of the United States. This is an unprecedented shock to American society. It has a universal symbolic significance to the life of the villages and towns in the early twentieth Century. Its theme has also been impacting the growing and developed society in the future. The state of existence and survival. The small town portrays a group of lonely figures in the social transition period of the early twentieth Century. They are all abandoned and distorted by the cruel reality. These characters flash the precious qualities, shock the hearts of countless readers and tap the depths of the modern soul. Although they are tightly bound by the traditional chains, although they are persistent in pursuit of love and desire for love, they are trapped in a miserable and sad situation for love, and are ignored, cold and ridiculed. The mystery of the mystery of this work is its theme. The theme of this article is worth the generation after generation. Endless thinking and exploration, because they directly penetrate into all aspects of human material civilization and spiritual civilization, and closely related to human life.
Many researchers have interpreted this work from many angles, such as alienation, naturalism and modernism. In addition, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the life, behavior and thought of the dissimilation from the angle of alienation, and reveals the artistic appeal of this work to point out the new research value and guide the reality. It is particularly important that, as a fable of alienation in the United States, the alienation theme embodied in the small town is of universal significance to the real society. In the history of modern literature, alienation is a very important and extensive theory and theme. In the life and practice of modern society, this existence is always visible. The alienation has become a severe social phenomenon, which has seriously threatened and hindered the construction of a harmonious society, and even the healthy development of the world, and then, the survival or destruction of love.
This thesis consists of three parts, namely, introduction, subject and conclusion, systematically discussing the theory of alienation in the town.
The introduction mainly deals with the status of Sherwood Anderson in the history of the United States and the world of literature and the domestic and international research on the small town deformities, as well as the writing angle and innovation of this paper as well as the value of literary research.
The main part is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter is mainly from the angle of Marx's alienation and existential alienation, explaining and describing the relationship between alienation and Anderson as well as dissimilation and Anderson's deformities. The origin, formation and tendency of Anderson's alienation are expounded in detail. Based on the inner world of the typical characters in the product, in connection with the ties of human society and Alienation - the starting point of human emotion, it points out the lack of love as the core of human emotion in the society of the small town, which shows the beauty of human nature, because it is the valuable quality of "deformed people" in this alienated life. It has been shown to be a valuable source of modern society.
The second chapter is the most important part, analyzing the short stories from three levels, showing the alienation of people and society, people and people, and human beings themselves. Many of the characters in the story are lonely, lonely, and painful. They are all struggling in reality. They always insist on seeking truth and seeking true love, but they are abandoned by society, unable to communicate with others and closed. Self, eventually wandering on the edge of society, lost in others' world, and exhausted in self alienation.
The third chapter is the understanding of the physical and mental features of the deformed people and the detailed description of the symbolic scenery, which embodies the alienation in a unique way. This group of vivid group activities is considered in a specific time and space, whether in the daytime or in the night, whether the only pair of indifferent walls and the closed window. They are living in isolation, because they can no longer belong to the alienated society.
The conclusion is mainly to explain its practical significance. As the town of Valentine, such as Valentine, has spread throughout the United States, towns and cities, as well as all the other corners of the world, the growth of George, the central figure of the work, looks forward to the future of this alienation throughout the world and calls for people to attach importance to human beings. The state of existence, in order to get out of the stray of alienation and build a harmonious society. George's maturity and leaving Valentine presage the hope of the town; the hope of the town symbolizes the salvation of modern society. Therefore, the modern people should spare no effort to get rid of alienation.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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