《愤怒的葡萄》生态女性主义解译

发布时间：2018-05-01 18:41

本文选题：《愤怒的葡萄》 + 生态批评　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：约翰·斯坦贝克是美国现代文学史上最具影响力的作家之一。作为诺贝尔奖获得者，他的著作吸引了大批读者，，其中《愤怒的葡萄》是其创作的巅峰。此小说以大萧条为背景，为乔德一家从俄克拉何马迁徙到加州的旅程刻画了一幅生动的图画。从中我们能够读出作者对那个时代的穷苦人民的深切同情。在世界范围内，学者已经从不同角度对本小说予以研究，本文将从生态学角度加以剖析。引言部分总结了小说的主要故事情节和关于本小说的主要研究成果。同时，也简单介绍了生态主义批评和女性生态主义批评。第一章仔细考察了生态不平衡造成的种种冲突。一方面，生态不平衡造成人与自然的冲突，“黑风暴”迫使成千上万美国人离弃家园迁到加利福尼亚，他们是自然灾害的受害者。另一方面，自然资源的缺乏导致人与人之间的关系恶化。穷人与富人之间的冲突、穷人之间的冲突在1930年代都是严重的社会问题。第二章重点分析了生态不平衡的根源，在斯坦贝克看来，对于美国梦的滥用和人类中心主义是生态不平衡的两大主因。人们在追求美国梦的过程中忘记了保护自然和生态平衡，同时人类中心主义的实践也使形势变得更为严重。对自然的漠视最终遭致自然的报复。第三章仔细考察了斯坦贝克在《愤怒的葡萄中》的生态思想。首先，他支持建立人与自然间的和谐关系。斯坦贝克从不认为自然是被压迫和剥削的对象，相反，自然值得我们的尊敬。其次，他认同集体主体超过个人主义，他认为集体主义能够在生态危机下解救穷苦的人们。最后一章笔者努力找寻生态危机的解决之道，这需要正确认知女性和自然的关系，还需要我们以实际行动改变生活方式。最后，呼吁人类建立与自然的和谐关系。在结论部分，我们得出结论即生态思想在斯坦贝克的文学作品中发挥重要作用，斯坦贝克形成了他自己的生态思想。从生态批评的角度，我为斯坦贝克研究做了新的探索。
[Abstract]:John Steinbeck is one of the most influential writers in the history of modern American literature. As a Nobel laureate, his work attracted a large readership, of which the Grapes of Wrath was the culmination of his work. The novel, set in the Great Depression, depicts a vivid picture of the Jode family's journey from Oklahoma to California. In this we can read the author's deep sympathy for the poor people of that era. All over the world, scholars have studied this novel from different angles, and this paper will analyze it from the angle of ecology. The introduction summarizes the main storylines of the novel and the main research results of the novel. At the same time, it also introduces ecologism criticism and female ecologism criticism. Chapter one examines the conflicts caused by ecological imbalance. On the one hand, ecological imbalances have caused conflicts between man and nature, and Black Storm has forced thousands of Americans to abandon their homes and move to California, victims of natural disasters. On the other hand, the lack of natural resources leads to the deterioration of human relations. Conflicts between the poor and the rich, and among the poor, were serious social problems in the 1930 s. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the root causes of ecological imbalance. In Steinbeck's view, the abuse of the American dream and anthropocentrism are the two main causes of ecological imbalance. In pursuit of the American dream, people forgot to protect nature and ecological balance, and the practice of anthropocentrism made the situation worse. Disregard for nature is ultimately the result of natural revenge. Chapter three examines Steinbeck's ecological thoughts in the Grapes of Wrath. First, he supported the establishment of a harmonious relationship between man and nature. Steinbeck never thought that nature was the object of oppression and exploitation. On the contrary, nature deserved our respect. Secondly, he agrees that collective subjects outweigh individualism, and that collectivism can save poor people from ecological crisis. In the last chapter, the author tries to find a solution to the ecological crisis, which requires a correct understanding of the relationship between women and nature, and we also need to change our way of life with practical actions. Finally, we call on human beings to establish a harmonious relationship with nature. In the conclusion part, we draw the conclusion that ecological thought plays an important role in Steinbeck's literary works, and Steinbeck formed his own ecological thought. From the angle of ecological criticism, I have made a new exploration for Steinbeck's research.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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