生态批评视野下的《宛若天堂》

发布时间：2018-05-02 09:03

本文选题：生态批评 + 人类中心主义　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：约翰·契弗是20世纪美国杰出作家,因其在短篇小说上的造诣被称为“美国的契诃夫”。除了短篇小说,他也创作了经典的长篇小说。约翰·契弗擅长描写资本主义社会人们精神世界的空虚和荒芜。本文研究了契弗生前的最后一部小说.这部小说发表于1982年,一经发表立即成为全国畅销书。小说在更深的层面上探讨了人与自然的关系问题。本文试图从生态批评角度解读小说。生态学家认为当今社会除了自然生态危机外还有社会生态危机,也有人类的精神生态危机。在追求富足的物质生活的同时,人与人之间的人际关系也出现了疏离。文明带来了对自然的疏远,随之而来的是人们自我的迷失。契弗在这部作品里表达了他对人类生态失衡的忧虑。通过对作品的生态解读,我们可以深入探讨他的生态哲学思想。本论文从自然生态,社会生态,精神生态三个方面进行了详细论述,揭示了人与自然,人与人,以及人与自我等错综复杂的关系。契弗认为只有增强生态意识,努力协调好这三者的关系,人类才能实现真正的生态平衡。除引言和结论外,论文的主体部分包括三章。引言部分介绍了约翰·契弗以及其作品在美国文学中的地位,并对小说的基本内容和研究成果进行了综述。此外,本论文对生态批评在国内外的发展进行了阐述并详细介绍了生态整体观和深层生态理论。第一章探讨了契弗对自然生态危机的揭露。通过对文中人物的言行分析,论文意在指出人类中心主义如同毒瘤一样在资本主义社会滋长,成为危机的根源。大自然用自己的独特语言警告人类灾难的到来。此外,针对契弗提出的解决自然生态危机的方法策略进行了阐释。第二章深入论述了契弗对社会生态危机的关注。契弗将矛头指向资本主义工业文明。工业革命带来的危害历历在目。对工业文明的追求不仅破坏了优美的自然风光,同时也摧残了人性。不和谐的人际关系以及失衡的社会现实诠释了社会生态危机的存在。第三章主要论述了契弗的精神生态危机观。扭曲的社会现实导致人们灵与肉的分离,以至于无法实现自我价值,最终迷失自我,丧失信仰。作者最后得出结论,约翰·契弗大胆地揭露了资本主义工业文明对人与人之间良好关系的破坏,以及对人性的扼杀,表明了他的反人类中心主义思想。契弗希望通过小说唤起人们良好的生态意识,形成良好的生态行为,逐步形成人与自然,人与人,以及人与其内心世界和谐统一的关系,最终建设宛如天堂的和谐生态家园。在当今世界生态危机日趋严重的形势下,契弗的观点能激发我们了解大自然,保护大自然并增强生态意识。他的生态观点敏锐而深刻,在21世纪的今天重新解读契弗的作品对于读者仍然具有极大的启发意义。
[Abstract]:John Cheever is an outstanding American writer in the 20 th century, who is called Chekhov of America for his accomplishments in short stories. In addition to short stories, he also wrote classic novels. John Cheever is good at describing the emptiness and desolation of the spiritual world in capitalist society. This paper studies Cheever's last novel. The novel was published in 1982 and became a national bestseller as soon as it was published. The novel explores the relationship between man and nature on a deeper level. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the angle of ecological criticism. Ecologists believe that there are not only the natural ecological crisis, but also the spiritual ecological crisis. In the pursuit of rich material life, interpersonal relationships between people have also appeared alienation. Civilization has brought about alienation from nature, followed by the loss of human self. In this work, Cheever expresses his concern about the imbalance of the human ecology. Through the ecological interpretation of his works, we can probe into his ecological philosophy. This paper discusses in detail the three aspects of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and reveals the intricate relationship between man and nature, between man and man, and between man and self. Cheever believes that only by strengthening ecological consciousness and coordinating the relationship between the three, human beings can achieve real ecological balance. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the main part of the paper consists of three chapters. The introduction introduces John Cheever and his works in American literature, and summarizes the basic contents and research results of the novel. In addition, this paper expounds the development of ecological criticism at home and abroad and introduces the ecological holistic view and deep ecological theory in detail. The first chapter discusses Cheever's exposure to natural ecological crisis. Based on the analysis of the characters' words and deeds, the paper points out that anthropocentrism, like a malignant tumor, has become the root of the crisis in capitalist society. Nature warns of human disaster with its own unique language. In addition, the method and strategy proposed by Cheever to solve the natural ecological crisis are explained. The second chapter discusses Cheever's concern about social ecological crisis. Cheever pointed the spearhead at capitalist industrial civilization. The dangers caused by the industrial revolution are vividly remembered. The pursuit of industrial civilization not only destroys the beautiful natural scenery, but also destroys human nature. Disharmonious interpersonal relationship and unbalanced social reality explain the existence of social ecological crisis. The third chapter mainly discusses Cheever's view of spiritual ecological crisis. The distorted social reality leads to the separation of human spirit and flesh, so that they can not realize their own value, lose themselves and lose their faith. Finally, the author concludes that John Cheever boldly exposed the destruction of good relations between human beings and the strangling of human nature by capitalist industrial civilization, and showed his anti-anthropocentrism thought. Cheever hopes to arouse people's good ecological consciousness, form good ecological behavior, gradually form a harmonious and unified relationship between man and nature, between man and man, and between man and his inner world, and finally build a harmonious ecological home like heaven. Under the increasingly serious ecological crisis in the world today, Cheever's view can inspire us to understand nature, protect nature and enhance ecological consciousness. His ecological views are sharp and profound, and rereading Cheever's works in the 21st century is still of great enlightening significance to readers.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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