贝娄小说中的两性关系探究

发布时间：2018-05-02 13:17

本文选题：索尔·贝娄 + 两性关系　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：索尔·贝娄一生共经历了五次婚姻，接触过许多女性，在与她们的交往过程中，他对女性及两性关系产生了诸多的认识，这在他的作品中多有体现。他的一些作品向读者展示了多种失衡的两性关系以及作品主人公对两性关系的反思与理想化整合过程，但是最终都没有找到一种和谐的两性关系。本论文将从以下三个部分来探讨贝娄作品中复杂的两性关系。第一章主要介绍了贝娄作品中的多种失衡的两性关系。第一种失衡的两性关系是以男权为中心的两性关系，这在贝娄的小说中十分常见，如《赫索格》中的赫索格与日本女友园子、《洪堡的礼物》中的洪堡与凯丝琳等；第二种是性享乐主义的两性关系，最具代表性的就是《赛姆勒先生的行星》中的安吉拉和众多男性之间的混乱关系；再一种就是功利主义的两性关系，如《洪堡的礼物》中的丹妮丝和莱娜达，都是为了个人的生存利益而与西特林交往。第二章具体分析了贝娄作品中失衡的两性关系产生的深层原因。首先，男性自古以来就将女性看作欲望的客体，将其视为“第二性”，而女性也默认了自己的这种“他者”身份，仅仅作为男性的附庸而存在，这样便导致了以男权为中心的两性关系，这主要体现在传统的两性之间。其次，由于人类的性本能冲动以及错误地将性自由理解为权力和自由的表现形式，所以才产生了性享乐主义的两性关系。再者，随着20世纪以来西方资本主义的发展，拜金主义和享乐主义在美国盛行，使得人们对个人生存利益的追求超过了对爱情和婚姻本身的追求，故而产生了功利主义的两性关系。第三章多层次地探讨了贝娄作品中的人物对两性关系的反思和理想化整合。在女性主义不断发展的背景下，贝娄作品中的一些人物开始对两性关系进行自我审视与反思。一方面，女性的主体意识逐渐觉醒，，她们不再希望仅仅作为男性的附庸而存在，想要摆脱欲望客体的身份，希望获得与男性同等的地位和权力，于是她们进行了一系列的反抗并取得了一定的成功；另一方面，男性也在自我反思中意识到了自身对异性特质的误解，开始对女性及女性特质给予理解与认同。但是仅仅依靠两性的自我反思仍然不能使两性关系达到理想化的整合，于是贝娄在晚期作品中提出了两性之间不可或缺的爱情；虽然作品中的人物做出了极大的努力，但是事实上，女性主体意识的觉醒同她们“他者”身份的认同之间的尴尬处境以及男性对女性既迷恋又恐惧的两难选择使得两性关系难以达到理想化的状态。
[Abstract]:Saul Bellow experienced five marriages and met many women in his life. In the process of his contact with them, he had a great deal of knowledge about women and the relationship between the sexes, which was reflected in his works. Some of his works show readers a variety of unbalanced gender relations, as well as the protagonist's reflection on gender relations and the process of idealization, but in the end, he has not found a harmonious relationship between men and women. This thesis discusses the complex gender relationship in Bellow's works in the following three parts. The first chapter mainly introduces many kinds of unbalanced gender relations in Bellow's works. The first kind of unbalanced relationship is the male-centered relationship, which is very common in Bellow's novels, such as Herzog and Japanese girlfriend Garden in Herzog, Humboldt and Kathleen in Gift of Humboldt. The second is the sexual relationship between sex hedonism, most representative of which is the chaotic relationship between Angela and many men in "Mr. Symler's Planet," and the other is the utilitarian relationship between men and women. Denise and Lena in Humboldt's Gift, for their own survival, associate with Citlin. The second chapter analyzes the deep causes of the imbalance between the two sexes in Bellow's works. First, since ancient times, men have regarded women as objects of desire and as "secondary sexuality", and women have acquiesced in their own "other" identity, which exists only as a subservient to men. This leads to a patriarchal gender relationship, which is mainly reflected in the traditional gender relationship. Secondly, the sexual hedonism comes into being because of human's sexual instinct and the mistaken understanding of sexual freedom as the expression of power and freedom. Moreover, with the development of Western capitalism since the 20th century, money worship and hedonism prevailed in the United States, making the pursuit of personal survival interests more than the pursuit of love and marriage itself. Hence the utilitarian relationship between the sexes. Chapter three discusses the reflection and idealized integration of the characters in Bellow's works. Under the background of the constant development of feminism, some characters in Bellow's works begin to examine and reflect on the relationship between men and women. On the one hand, the subjective consciousness of women gradually awakens, they no longer want to exist only as male appendages, they want to get rid of the identity of the object of desire and want to obtain the same status and power as men. So they made a series of resistance and achieved certain success; on the other hand, men also realized their misunderstanding of heterosexual traits in their self-reflection, and began to understand and identify with women and their characteristics. However, relying solely on self-reflection of the two sexes still can not achieve the ideal integration of the relationship between the two sexes, so Bellow put forward the indispensable love between the two sexes in his later works; although the characters in the works made great efforts, But in fact, the awkward situation between the awakening of women's subjective consciousness and the identity of their "other" and the dilemma of men's infatuation and fear of women make it difficult for the relationship between the two sexes to be idealized.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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