《蝇王》中杰克与拉尔夫之争的文学达尔文主义解读

发布时间：2018-05-08 12:03

本文选题：《蝇王》 + 威廉·戈尔丁　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《蝇王》是诺贝尔文学奖获得者威廉·戈尔丁(William Golding,1911—1993)的成名作。自1954年问世以来，该小说引发了众多学者对于小说人物行为见仁见智广泛深入的探讨。上世纪九十年代末，美国一批学者重新提出以达尔文进化理论分析文学作品，进而形成了文学达尔文主义新思潮。文学达尔文主义结合达尔文进化论思想和进化心理学理论，将文学创作活动文本中人物的行为及读者的阅读活动都看做人类进化形成的心理机制和客观环境互动作用下的必然结果，并将人类活动的基本动机归纳为两点：生存与繁殖。小说《蝇王》中两大主人公杰克和拉尔夫的行为至始至终都是他们与生俱来的动机与情感的外在表现，，也一直由这些动机和情感所控制。同时，两者的动机和情感无时无刻不受周围客观环境变化的影响。因此，从适应主义者角度来看，该小说很好地反映了文学达尔文主义一大观点：人类行为是人类内在进化心理和外在客观环境互动作用的结果。本论文借助来源于达尔文进化论和进化心理学相关理论的文学达尔文主义，对两大主人公之间竞争的表现原因和结果进行较为详细的分析。通过分析可以看出，小说两大主人公在生存技术/资源社会关系三大行为系统中表现的激烈竞争不是各自孤立发展的，它们彼此融合，互相掺杂，形成了一系列难以调和的矛盾；其次，我们不能忽视对客观环境和个人心理变化的关注，以及它们之间的互动对个人行为的影响；同时，我们发现了文学生物性的真实存在，证实了文学也是人类处理适应性问题的有效手段之一。
[Abstract]:The Lord of the flies is a famous work by William Goldingn, the Nobel Prize winner in literature, 1911-1993. Since it was published in 1954, the novel has caused many scholars to differ on the behavior of the characters in the novel. Extensive and in-depth discussion. At the end of 1990s, a group of American scholars put forward the theory of Darwinian evolution to analyze literary works, and then formed a new trend of literary Darwinism. Literary Darwinism combined with Darwinian Evolutionism and Evolutionary Psychology Theory, Literary creation activities? The characters' behavior and readers' reading activities in the text are regarded as the inevitable result of the interaction between the psychological mechanism and the objective environment formed by human evolution, and the basic motivation of human activity is summed up as two points: survival and reproduction. The behavior of Jack and Ralph, the two protagonists in the novel Lord of the flies, is the external expression of their innate motives and emotions, and is controlled by them all the time. At the same time, both motivations and emotions are always affected by changes in the surrounding objective environment. Therefore, from the point of view of adapters, the novel well reflects a major viewpoint of literary Darwinism: human behavior is the result of interaction between human internal evolutionary psychology and external objective environment. With the help of Darwinism from Darwinian Evolutionism and Evolutionary Psychology, this thesis shows the competition between the two protagonists. The causes and results were analyzed in detail. From the analysis, we can see that the two protagonists of the novel are living? Technology / resources? The fierce competition in the three behavioral systems of social relations does not develop in isolation. They merge and adulterate each other, forming a series of contradictions that are difficult to reconcile; secondly, We cannot ignore the concern about the changes in objective circumstances and personal psychology, and the impact of their interactions on individual behavior; at the same time, we have discovered the real existence of literary biology. It is proved that literature is also one of the effective means for human beings to deal with adaptive problems.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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