用热奈特的叙事理论分析《宠儿》的叙事策略

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:28

本文选题：托尼·莫里森 + 《宠儿》　；参考：《中北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《宠儿》是美国文学界第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家托尼·莫里森的代表作，小说自1987年发表以来，备受批评界关注。本篇论文以《宠儿》为基础，运用法国文艺理论家杰拉尔·热奈特的叙事理论，以小说叙事手法为切入点，来分析小说的叙述与叙事时间、叙事视角和叙事话语之间的关系，探究莫里森高超的叙事策略。《宠儿》的叙事结构整合巧妙，叙事语言含蓄多义。尽管很多批评家对《宠儿》独特的叙事技巧做了多方面的研究，但用热奈特的叙事理论进行分析的还为数不多。本文通过运用热奈特断层时间、多层视角和多变的话语的叙事理论在《宠儿》中的内在关系，展现莫里森独特的叙事技巧。首先，以叙事时间的错综复杂为切入点，探讨莫里森如何通过时间倒错、非对称和非等时的断层时间来描述一幅模糊过去和现在时空界限的框架，揭示《宠儿》中的非裔奴隶所遭受的奴役和苦难，有效发挥叙事时间上的长处，体现作品独特的叙事策略。其次，又以叙事视角的转换为切入点，从零聚焦、外聚焦和内聚焦三方面巧妙转换人物视角，生动再现塞思杀婴事件，有效的发挥视角艺术上的优势，使作品更具丰富的审美色调。最后，本文以叙事话语的多变着手，从转述话语、间接转述话语和戏剧转述话语三方面，分析了莫里森是如何运用语言和权利的关系，在时空错乱的情节发展过程中构成奴隶制和黑人奴隶两大对立的话语，，在抨击非人道的奴隶制度同时，肯定了黑人奴隶的群体力量以及该民族的希望。通过运用热奈特的叙事理论对《宠儿》叙事策略的分析，论文最终揭示了作品独特的叙事技巧和永恒的主题：回顾黑人奴隶在残酷的奴隶制下的悲惨历史，最终构建黑人和白人之间和谐的社会关系。
[Abstract]:Beloved is the representative work of Tony Morrison, the first black woman writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature. Since her publication in 1987, the novel has attracted much attention from the critics. On the basis of beloved, using the narrative theory of French literary and art theorist Jailall Genett, and taking the narrative technique of the novel as the breakthrough point, this paper analyzes the relationship between the narrative and the narrative time, the narrative angle of view and the narrative discourse. Explore Morrison's superb narrative strategy. The narrative structure of beloved is skillful and the narrative language is implicative and polysemous. Although many critics have done many studies on the unique narrative techniques of beloved, few of them have analyzed them with Genett's narrative theory. This paper shows Morrison's unique narrative skills by using the internal relations of Genett's fault time, multi-level perspective and changeable discourse narrative theory in beloved. First of all, from the point of view of the intricacy of narrative time, we discuss how Morrison describes a frame that obscures the temporal and spatial boundaries of the past and present through time inversion, asymmetric and non-isochronous fault time. It reveals the slavery and suffering suffered by African-American slaves in beloved, effectively exerts the advantages of narrative time, and embodies the unique narrative strategy of the works. Secondly, with the transformation of narrative perspective as the breakthrough point, the author skillfully changes the character's angle of view from three aspects: zero focus, external focus and internal focus, so as to vividly reproduce Seth's infanticide event, and effectively bring into play the artistic advantages of the perspective. Make the work more aesthetic tone. Finally, this paper starts with the variety of narrative discourse, analyzes how Morrison uses language and rights from three aspects of reporting discourse, indirect reporting discourse and dramatic reporting discourse. In the course of the development of the disorder of time and space, the two opposing words of slavery and black slavery were formed. At the same time, the group strength of the black slaves and the hope of the nation were affirmed. By analyzing the narrative strategy of beloved by using Genett's narrative theory, the paper finally reveals the unique narrative skills and eternal theme of the works: reviewing the tragic history of black slaves under the cruel slavery. Finally, the harmonious social relationship between black and white is constructed.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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