论波德莱尔的二元性

发布时间：2018-05-18 11:04

本文选题：二元性 + 双重人　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在法国,乃至全世界,波德莱尔的诗歌和思想因其独创性、丰富性和巨大影响力格外受到瞩目,评论界不断展开对波德莱尔的现代性、象征主义、神秘主义、美学等各方面的研究并取得丰硕成果,但诗人对我们的启发不仅于此,他本身便充满故事,他的精神与他的作品一脉相连,他的美学观、诗歌创作观与人性观于内在统一体中隐秘应和。我眼中的波德莱尔,是处于永恒的动态平衡下的波德莱尔,像一个单摆,时刻不停地在两极间摇晃。这是一个对生活既充满恐惧又充满狂喜的人,美丑、善恶的二元性充斥着他的作品和人生。本文主体部分分为三章：第一章借用布封的“双重人”理论探索波德莱尔的灵魂和精神世界。本文首先明确“双重人”这一理论的内涵(动物性与精神性对立统一),以及与波德莱尔人性观的内在关联。之后依据波德莱尔的双重倾向论—向善与向恶,将第一章总体分为两部分：身体的堕落和精神的救赎。第一部分“身体的堕落”刻画一个悲观消极、无可救药的波德莱尔,沉湎于肉欲、酒精和鸦片,用瞬时快感麻醉自我；第二部分通过“精神的救赎”揭示波德莱尔乐观积极、有所追求的一面,主要表现在波德莱尔对精神之恋的向往,对异域风情的寻觅,对诗歌创作的巨大热情。第二章分析探讨波德莱尔诗歌作品中的二元性,指出诗歌中频繁出现的“矛盾修辞法”就是其二元性在文学上的体现。“矛盾修辞法”在这里既是一种表现修辞手法,也是一种思想方法,它既创造了一种神奇特别的审美趣味,又赋予诗歌一种强健的张力。接下来,具体结合文本从美学层面的和诗歌层面分析“矛盾修辞法”的表现和作用。第三章从三方面阐述促成波德莱尔内在分裂与矛盾的原因。第一,参照帕斯卡尔辩证法“人的伟大与悲哀”以及“消遣”论论证二元性的普遍性,作为人性的常态,不论是波德莱尔,还是我们每一个人,都难逃内心的善恶之争；第二,波德莱尔特殊童年经历及其与母亲复杂的关系也是对其产生影响的重要因素。第三,糟糕的身体状况和心理疾病给波德莱尔带来持久的困扰,这让他的情绪和精神状态不断游走在亢奋与消沉之间,此外对鸦片的依赖成瘾也加重了他的分裂趋势。本文从善与恶、美与丑的双重视角审视诗人和他的诗歌世界,以证明二元性不仅是诗人生活的主色调,也是其作品的重要主题与特色,为认识波德莱尔和阅读波德莱尔开辟一条新途径,使更多读者在阅读过程中获得更深刻的体验和感受,丰富对自我、对人生、对人类社会的认识和思考。
[Abstract]:In France and all over the world, Baudelaire's poems and thoughts have attracted special attention for their originality, richness and great influence. Aesthetics and other aspects of research and achieved fruitful results, but the poet's inspiration to us not only here, he is full of stories, his spirit and his work a link, his aesthetic view, The view of poetry creation and the view of human nature are secretly compatible with each other in the internal unity. Baudelaire, in my eyes, is Baudelaire in eternal dynamic balance, like a pendulum, rocking between the poles all the time. This is a person full of fear and ecstasy, beauty and ugliness, good and evil duality filled with his works and life. The main part of this paper is divided into three chapters: The first chapter explores Baudelaire's soul and spiritual world with the theory of double Man. This paper first clarifies the connotation of the theory of "double man" (unity of opposites of animality and spirituality), and its internal relation with Baudelaire's view of human nature. Then, according to Baudelaire's theory of double tendency towards good and evil, the first chapter is divided into two parts as a whole: the fall of the body and the redemption of the spirit. The first part, "physical depravity," depicts a pessimistic, hopeless Baudelaire who indulges in sensuality, alcohol, and opium and anesthetizes himself with instant pleasure. The second part reveals Baudelaire's optimism and positivity through "spiritual redemption." There are some aspects to be pursued: Baudelaire's yearning for spiritual love, search for exotic customs, and great enthusiasm for poetry creation. The second chapter analyzes the duality in Baudelaire's poetry works, and points out that the frequent appearance of "contradictory rhetoric" in poetry is the embodiment of duality in literature. Contradiction rhetoric is not only a rhetorical device but also a thought method. It not only creates a special aesthetic taste but also gives a strong tension to poetry. Then, the paper analyzes the expression and function of contradictory rhetoric from aesthetic level and poetry level. The third chapter expounds the causes of Baudelaire's internal division and contradiction from three aspects. First, referring to Pascal's Dialectics "the greatness and sadness of Man" and the "pastime" theory to demonstrate the universality of duality, as the normal state of human nature, whether Baudelaire or each of us, cannot escape the inner debate between good and evil; second, Baudelaire's special childhood experience and its complicated relationship with his mother are also important factors. Third, Baudelaire's bad physical condition and mental illness have long troubled Baudelaire, which keeps his mood and mental state moving between excitement and depression, and his addiction to opium exacerbates his tendency to split. This paper examines the poet and his poetic world from the perspectives of good and evil, beauty and ugliness, in order to prove that duality is not only the main color of the poet's life, but also the important theme and characteristic of his works. It opens up a new way to understand Baudelaire and read Baudelaire, so that more readers can get deeper experience and feeling in the process of reading, and enrich their understanding and thinking about themselves, life and human society.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I565.072

【参考文献】