莫里森的文化身份认同与其早期小说创作

发布时间：2018-05-18 13:17

本文选题：莫里森 + 文化认同　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：托尼·莫里森是当今文坛上著名的美国黑人女作家。她通过小说这一艺术途径,反映了非裔黑人在美国的历史变迁和现实生活,族裔文化身份是莫里森写作的标志。本文立足于其早期创作的三部作品：《所罗门之歌》、《秀拉》和《柏油孩子》,结合斯图尔特·霍尔关于文化身份的本质观和建构观两种观点,具体分析这三部小说中的人物形象及其生命探索,试图较为全面地理解莫里森的文化身份认同。本文的绪论部分主要介绍的莫里森的个人生平、文学创作以及国内外对她的研究状况,进而提出“文化身份”在其创作中的重要性。莫里森在创作之始就流露出了对于非裔黑人文化身份的关注,《所罗门之歌》、《秀拉》和《柏油孩子》就典型地体现了其在文化身份认同上的三个维度。第一章从“非裔”的角度解读了莫里森的《所罗门之歌》。不同于黑人男性作家笔下充满暴力性质的种族反抗,莫里森更多地呈现了黑人、黑人族群自身对于文化冲突的认知和接受。主人公奶娃的成长经历就鲜明地体现了黑白文化的双重影响,从小父亲灌输的白人文化没有让他获得精神上的成熟,而黑人文化的传承者派拉特指引了奶娃精神上的成长。莫里森通过奶娃的故事告诉我们,非裔黑人只有自觉抵抗白人主流文化的侵蚀,认同传统文化价值观,才能在文化冲突的现实社会中寻找到自己的文化身份。第二章从“女性”的角度解读了莫里森的《秀拉》。莫里森坚持自己“黑人女性”的身份进行创作,以黑人女性的视角进行文化身份的认同,在认同传统文化的同时反思了黑人文化中漠视女性的一些非理性的因素。《秀拉》塑造了秀拉和奈尔两位黑人女性,奈尔和绝大多数黑人女性一样在婚姻和家庭生活中迷失了自我的身份,而秀拉是一位奋力反抗白人文化,同时也反抗黑人传统的女性形象,莫里森以此发掘出传统黑人文化中无视性别差异、排斥黑人女性的生存体验,展现了黑人女性文化认同的艰难性和复杂性。第三章从“美国人”的角度解读了莫里森的《柏油孩子》。在这部小说中莫里森站在文化融合的高度对黑人文化身份进行了定位和认同。吉丁是一名在白人文化中成长起来的黑人女性,她远离黑人文化而不能建立起文化身份认同,而儿子则表现了黑人文化的封闭性,他以“黑人种族主义”来排斥白人文化中进步的、先进的因素,也无法在当代美国社会上立足。而儿子主动的追寻,则表现了莫里森对于建立非裔黑人的“美国人”身份的观点。结语部分得出结论,正是“非裔”、“女性”和“美国人”三者的身份,构成了莫里森的文化身份认同,这也反映了她对于非裔黑人文化认同问题的理性而全面的思考。
[Abstract]:Tony Morrison is a famous black American writer in the literary world. Through the artistic approach of fiction, she reflects the historical changes and real life of African-Americans in the United States, and the ethnic and cultural identity is the symbol of Morrison's writing. This paper is based on his three early works: song of Solomon, Sula and Tar Kids, combined with Stewart Hall's views on the essence and construction of cultural identity. This paper analyzes the characters and their life in the three novels, and tries to understand Morrison's cultural identity. The introduction of this paper mainly introduces Morrison's personal life, literary creation and the research situation of her at home and abroad, and then points out the importance of "cultural identity" in her creation. At the beginning of his creation, Morrison showed his concern for African-American cultural identity. The Song of Solomon, Sula and Tar Kids typically embody his three dimensions of cultural identity. The first chapter interprets Morrison's Song of Solomon from the perspective of African-American. Different from the violent racial revolt written by black male writers, Morrison presents more black, black people's own cognition and acceptance of cultural conflict. The growth experience of the protagonist Niwa clearly reflects the double influence of black and white culture. The white culture instilled in his father did not make him mature spiritually, while the inheritor of black culture, Pailat, guided the spiritual growth of Niwa. Morrison tells us through the story of Milwaud that only by consciously resisting the erosion of the mainstream white culture and identifying with the traditional cultural values can African blacks find their own cultural identity in the actual society of cultural conflict. The second chapter interprets Morrison's Sula from the angle of Women. Morrison insisted on his "black woman" identity to create and identify with the cultural identity from the perspective of black women. While identifying with traditional culture, he reflects on some irrational factors that ignore women in black culture. Nair, like most black women, lost her identity in marriage and family life, and Sula was a woman who fought against white culture and black tradition. In this way Morrison unearthed the existence experience of black women who ignored gender differences and rejected black women in traditional black culture and showed the difficulty and complexity of black women's cultural identity. Chapter three interprets Morrison's Tar Child from an American perspective. In this novel, Morrison identifies the black cultural identity from the perspective of cultural integration. Giddin is a black woman who grew up in a white culture. She is far away from black culture and cannot establish a cultural identity, and her son shows the closeness of black culture. He rejected the progressive and advanced elements of white culture by "black racism", which could not be established in contemporary American society. The son's active pursuit shows Morrison's view on the establishment of African-American identity. The conclusion of the conclusion is that the identities of "African American", "female" and "American" constitute Morrison's cultural identity, which also reflects her rational and comprehensive thinking on the issue of African-American cultural identity.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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