《土生子》中别格的福柯式解读

发布时间：2018-05-18 18:48

本文选题：福柯 + 规训权力　；参考：《青岛大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：里查德·赖特(1908-1960)系二十世纪美国文坛最引人注目的黑人文学家之一,其长篇小说代表作《土生子》出版于1940年,被视为美国黑人文学的里程碑。《土生子》一经出版,便受到来自评论界及普通读者的广泛关注。美国著名文学评论家欧文·豪曾指出：“在《土生子》出版的那一天,美国的文学就永久的改变了”。本文主要运用米歇尔·福柯的规训权力理论对《土生子》进行解读,探讨小说中美国现代社会的权力运行机制。小说所描述的美国现代社会是一个处处渗透着权力网络与反抗的监狱式规训社会,在这样的社会中,无所不在的权力控制并改造着别格,以使他“驯顺”。在全景敞视监视机制中,别格无意识地按社会规范规定自己的行为和思想,自觉自律的成为一个“驯顺”的压迫者,小说主人公别格的悲惨生活正是监狱式现代社会的自然产物。尽管规训权力无孔不入,无比强大,但是规训权力并非万能的,监狱式社会不能消除一切反抗,别格采用了个人暴力行为来反抗社会。此时,为了维护社会安定,暴力的惩罚方式则成为必然。在监狱式的社会中,主人公别格难逃规训权力的法网,其不合“规范”的行为必将受到严厉的惩罚。本文共分为三个部分：引言,主体和结论。引言部分包括作者、作品的介绍,及国内外学术界对该部作品所做的相关研究和评论的概括和综述,同时指出本文的框架结构。主体部分从以下四章分析这本小说。第一章概述了米歇尔·福柯的规训权力理论。在《规训与惩罚：监狱的诞生》中,福柯介绍了两个重要概念：规训和惩罚,并指出现代社会即是一个规训式的监狱。第二章分析了别格在规训社会中的悲惨生活。第三章着重分析了规训技术在小说中的实施,即层级监视、规范化裁决和检查。第四章阐述了主人公别格的反抗及监狱式社会对其惩罚。最后部分得出结论,通过分析小说主人公别格在权力社会压迫下的悲惨命运,指出《土生子》中描绘的美国社会正是福柯所说的监狱式现代社会的文学翻版。别格的悲惨结局印证了全景敞视监狱社会中任何犯罪都没有逃脱的可能。
[Abstract]:Richard Wright (1908-1960) is one of the most prominent black writers in the 20th century. His masterpiece, Native son, was published in 1940 and is regarded as a milestone in American black literature. It has attracted wide attention from critics and ordinary readers. Owen Howe, a famous American literary critic, pointed out that "on the day of the publication of Native son, American literature changed forever." This paper mainly uses Michelle Foucault's discipline power theory to interpret Native son and probe into the power operation mechanism of modern American society in the novel. The modern American society described in the novel is a penitentiary discipline society permeated with power networks and revolts. In such a society, the omnipresent power controls and rebuilds Beger to make him "tame". In the panoramic open-view surveillance mechanism, Beagle unconsciously prescribes his own behavior and thoughts according to social norms, consciously self-discipline to become a "tame" oppressors, The tragic life of the protagonist of the novel is the natural product of the modern society of prison. Although the discipline power is all-pervasive and extremely powerful, the discipline power is not omnipotent. The prison society cannot eliminate all resistance, and Berg uses personal violence to resist the society. At this time, in order to maintain social stability, the punishment of violence is inevitable. In a penitentiary society, the protagonist Buger is bound to be severely punished for his substandard behavior. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction part includes the author, the introduction of the works, and the summary and summary of the relevant research and comments made by the academic circles at home and abroad, and points out the frame structure of this paper. The main part analyzes the novel from the following four chapters. The first chapter summarizes Michelle Foucault's theory of discipline power. In discipline and punishment: the birth of Prisons, Foucault introduced two important concepts: discipline and punishment, and pointed out that modern society is a prison of discipline. The second chapter analyzes the miserable life of Berg in the discipline society. The third chapter focuses on the implementation of discipline technology in the novel, that is, hierarchical monitoring, standardized adjudication and inspection. The fourth chapter expounds the main character's resistance and penitentiary society. Finally, by analyzing the tragic fate of the protagonist Berg under the oppression of the power society, the last part points out that the American society described in Native son is the literary reprint of what Foucault calls the modern society of prison. Berg's tragic ending confirms that there is no escape from any crime in the panoramic open prison society.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

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