莫里哀喜剧中的小人物分析

发布时间：2018-06-04 08:41

本文选题：莫里哀 + 喜剧　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：莫里哀是17世纪法国古典主义喜剧的代表作家,同时又是一位身兼编剧、导演、演员于身的喜剧大师。莫里哀的喜剧作品触及到了法国社会的各个阶层,具有浓郁的时代气息,他通过喜剧传达的民主平等思想,俨然已超越了其所属时代。在他的喜剧作品中,小人物常常独树一帜,这些小人物通常由身份、地位都相对低微的侍者、仆人担当,但他们聪明机智、灵动活泼,在各种斗智斗勇的过程中尽显市民阶层的智慧。莫里哀竭心塑造的这类人物,在其喜剧创作中占据着举足轻重的地位,他们是十七世纪法国社会中下层人民的传声筒与代言人,跟随他们的脚步,透过他们的眼睛,我们看到了十七世纪路易十四时代法国君主专制极盛时期色彩斑斓的广袤社会：既看到了资产阶级对金钱的贪婪铜臭、世袭贵族的向往及各种附庸风雅,义看到了贵族阶级的腐朽、没落与荒唐及对其他阶层的蔑视。莫里哀以辛辣的讽刺之笔,通过所谓的下层人物：小人物的言行、智慧,映衬出了所谓的上等社会：资产阶级、贵族阶级的各种时代弊病。对于莫里哀的研究,我国学者已在该领域取得了丰硕成果,这些研究主要集中在莫里哀喜剧作品的思想及人物类型方面,人物类型方面又以贵族和资产者为主,而对莫里哀喜剧中的下层人物的研究还较薄弱。在莫里哀的喜剧作品中,小人物在喜剧中发挥着十分重要的喜剧功能,对喜剧效果的形成也起到了非常重要的作用。本文拟从小人物的分析入手,对莫里哀喜剧中的小人物类型按照喜剧功能进行梳理,之后再具体分析小人物在喜剧中的喜剧功能、造成的喜剧效果及喜剧效果形成的原因。全文共分为五个部分：第一部分为引言：主要介绍当前国内外关于莫里哀及小人物的研究现状。我国早期对莫里哀的研究主要以生平传记和作品评论为主。从上世纪八十年代开始,学者们开始注重分析莫里哀喜剧的艺术特色及典型人物形象。进入二十一世纪以后,学者们更多侧重作品形式研究和比较研究。国外关于莫里哀的研究较多,但关于小人物这个群体,也只是几篇文献在论述莫里哀喜剧的其他方面时略微提及。目前,国内关于莫里哀笔下的小人物的研究只有龚如山和侯赛军的两篇文献,且仅就仆人或女仆进行类型分析,并未从喜剧的角度来探讨。由此可见,关于莫里哀喜剧中小人物的研究仍有巨大的阐释空间。第二部分：译介莫里哀喜剧对前人的继承及莫里哀喜剧的独特性。莫里哀对古希腊、古罗马喜剧的接受,影响着他自身的创作。在此基础上,莫里哀融注新的内容与方法,形成自已独特的喜剧风格,使得他的喜剧能在古典主义、悲剧一统天下的十七世纪戏剧舞台上立于不败之地。第三部分：对小人物身份展开梳理,分析不同喜剧功能的小人物,主要分为二种类型：第一种为推动戏剧冲突发展型,这种类型的小人物在戏剧发展过程中起着十分重要的作用,在关键时刻推动情节的发展,使整部喜剧达到高潮；第二种为代言型,他们均是莫里哀或时代大众思想的直接呈现；第三种为插科打诨型,主要作用为娱乐观众。第四部分：分析小人物在喜剧中的功能及造成的喜剧效果和原因。喜剧功能可分为颠覆权威、消解差异、营造喜剧情境、揭示人物性格和关系四个方面。其中,对权威的颠覆又分为对资产者的颠覆与对贵族的颠覆。喜剧效果方面,主体为“笑”的生发,原因可分为塑造喜剧人物和设计捉弄情境两方面。第五部分：结语。概要总结全文,提出存在的问题及尚需改进的地方。通过本文的探索,我们发现,莫里哀喜剧中的小人物不仅在莫里哀的喜剧中占据重要地位,更是对所属时代社会生活风貌的一种生动反映。透过这些小人物的形象,我们不仅窥视到了剧作家本身的民主思想与进步意识,关于十七世纪法国社会民主意识的萌芽与发展更可见一斑,莫里哀在生活中汲取素材创造的这些人物是具有时代意义的。
[Abstract]:Moliere is the representative writer of the French classical comedy in seventeenth Century. At the same time, it is also a comedy master who is also a writer, director and actor. Moliere's comedy works touches all classes of French society and has a strong flavor of the times. In his comic works, the small characters are often unique. These little characters are usually made by their identities, their relatively low standing waiters and servants, but they are smart, intelligent, lively and intelligent in the course of all kinds of fighting and bravery. These characters, created by Moliere, occupy the light in his comic creation. They are the voice of the lower people in the French Society of the seventeenth Century, and they follow their footsteps. Through their eyes, we see the colourful and colorful society of the French monarchy during the Louis Xiv era in seventeenth Century: the greed of bourgeois to money and the hereditary aristocracy of the bourgeoisie. The yearning and a variety of appendages have seen the decadent of the aristocratic class, the decline and the disdain of the absurd and other classes. Moliere, with the pungent satire, through the so-called lower characters: the words and deeds of the small figures, and the wisdom of the so-called upper class, the bourgeoisie, the aristocratic class of the various times maladies.
In the field of Moliere's study, Chinese scholars have achieved fruitful results in this field. These studies mainly focus on the ideas and types of Moliere's comic works. The types of characters are mainly aristocratic and bourgeois, but the study of the lower characters in Moliere's comedy is still weak. In Moliere's comedy, small The characters play a very important comedy function in comedy and play a very important role in the formation of the comic effect. This paper, starting with the analysis of the young people, combs the characters of the small characters in Moliere's comedy according to the comedy function, and then analyzes the comedy function of the small man in the comedy and the comic effect. And the cause of the comic effect.
The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is an introduction: the current research status of Moliere and small people is mainly introduced. In the early years of our country, the study of Moliere was mainly based on biography and literary criticism. From the 80s of last century, scholars began to pay attention to the analysis of the artistic features and typical characters of Moliere's comedy. After the period, scholars have more focused on the study of the form of works and comparative studies. There are many foreign studies about Moliere, but there are only a few articles about the small figures in the other aspects of Moliere's comedy. At present, there are only two studies on Moliere's small figures in China, but only Gong Rushan and Hou race. It is clear that there is still a lot of space for the study of the small characters in Moliere's comedy.
The second part: the translation of Moliere's comedy to the inheritance of the predecessors and the uniqueness of Moliere's comedy. Moliere's acceptance of ancient Greece and the ancient Rome comedy influenced his own creation. On this basis, Moliere formed his own unique style of comedy with his new content and method, making his comedies able to be classicism and tragedies. In seventeenth Century, the stage of drama was invincible.
The third part: combing the identity of the small characters and analyzing the small characters of different comic functions, it is divided into two types: the first is to promote the development of drama conflict. This type of small characters plays a very important role in the development of drama, and it promotes the development of the plot at the critical moment, and makes the whole comedy reach the climax; second They are representative, they are the direct presentation of Moliere or the public thought of the times; the third is the gag type, the main function is entertainment audience.
The fourth part: analyze the function and the comic effect and cause of the small characters in the comedy. The comic function can be divided into four aspects: Subversion authority, dispelling difference, creating comedy situation, revealing character and relationship, among which, subversion to authority is divided into subversion to the bourgeois and subversion of aristocracy. Laughter can be divided into two aspects: creating comic characters and designing situations.
The fifth part: epilogue. Summarize the full text, put forward the existing problems and need to be improved.
Through the exploration of this article, we find that the small characters in Moliere's comedy not only occupy an important position in Moliere's comedy, but also a vivid reflection of the social life style of the times. Through the images of these little characters, we not only peek into the playwright's own democratic thought and progressive consciousness, but also on the seventeenth Century law. The emergence and development of social democratic consciousness in China is more evident. Moliere's characters in the process of absorbing materials in life are of epochal significance.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I565.073

【参考文献】