从死亡中领悟生存的哲学：论《我弥留之际》中的存在主义思想

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:55

本文选题：《我弥留之际》 + 福克纳　；参考：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：福克纳的作品《我弥留之际》创作正值于美国南方政治经济大变革时期。正如许多他的其他作品一样，这部作品反映了当代人对生活失去信心的绝望。作为美国南方代表人物，福克纳深切的感受到为南方人苦难的生活寻求出路的使命感。存在主义产生于类似的背景，同样描述了生存的荒谬和痛苦；存在主义还进一步强调自由选择的重要性和对待死亡的正确态度。存在主义中的核心观点不仅适合运用于《我弥留之际》的解读，同时还能引发读者对生命和死亡强大力量的进一步思考和理解。作为对《我弥留之际》中存在主义因素探究的尝试，此论文大致从以下几个方面来对存在主义中的疏离，自由选择，死亡这几个重要概念进行讨论：第一章将对福克纳、《我弥留之际》、存在主义进行介绍，同时分析福克纳其他作品中可能体现的存在主义因素。第二章逐个分析了《我弥留之际》中的本德仑一家每位成员的心理状态，并指出每一位成员心理上的孤独和荒谬，以及本德仑一家在外界眼中的疏离和荒诞。第三章以本德仑一家三兄弟为例进行对照，从另一个积极的角度分析出三兄弟各自在送葬旅程中作出的自由选择和承担的责任，以及这些选择和责任如何奠定了他们自身的本质。第四章着重研究女主人公艾迪在死后的内心独白，，并由此判断出她对生命和死亡的态度，同时讨论了艾迪的死对她本身以及所有家人的影响。此章节还对标题进行了解析。最后一章是在此前章节得出的存在主义主题基础上，陈述整部作品的叙述结构如何帮助存在主义主题的体现。作品中十五个人物叙述者可以分为三个同心圆，互不重叠，毫无交集，却相互合作搭建起一个完整的叙述结构，缺一不可。这正如小说中所有人物的关系，彼此疏离，沉浸在自己荒谬的世界，但因为艾迪的影响共同完成了送葬的旅程。这恰恰反映了存在主义者所提倡的通过自由选择和责任摆脱荒诞与痛苦的基本存在状态，创造自己的本质，改变自己的生活。此种叙述结构在另一方面还烘托出本德仑一家以及整个人类面对逆境时的忍耐，坚持使命的不屈精神。《我弥留之际》中的人物，情节以及叙述结构无一不体现出存在主义的核心理念。面对人类与生俱来的荒谬和孤独，本德仑一家努力改变原本的生存状态，展现出人类面对困境卓越的忍耐力和不懈奋斗的伟大品质。
[Abstract]:Faulkner's work "the moment of my death" was created at a time of great political and economic change in the South of the United States. Like many of his other works, this work reflects the despair of contemporary people who have lost faith in life. As a representative of the American South, Faulkner feels the mission of finding a way out for the suffering life of southerners. Existentialism comes from a similar background, describing the absurdity and suffering of existence, and it further emphasizes the importance of free choice and the correct attitude towards death. The core ideas of existentialism are not only applicable to the interpretation of "my dying", As an attempt to explore the existentialist factors in "my dying", this paper tries to alienate existentialism from the following aspects. Several important concepts of free choice and death are discussed. The first chapter introduces Faulkner's existentialism and analyzes the existentialism factors which may be embodied in Faulkner's other works. The second chapter analyzes the psychological state of each member of the family of Benderon in my dying hour, and points out the psychological loneliness and absurdity of each member, and the alienation and absurdity of the family in the eyes of the outside world. The third chapter takes the three brothers of Bendelun as an example to analyze the free choice and responsibility of the three brothers during their funeral journey from another positive angle. And how these choices and responsibilities have laid down their own nature. The fourth chapter focuses on the study of the heroine Eddie's inner monologue after her death, and judges her attitude towards life and death, and discusses the influence of Eddie's death on herself and all her family members. This chapter also analyzes the title. The last chapter states how the narrative structure of the whole work helps to embody the existentialism theme based on the existentialism theme obtained in the previous chapters. The 15 characters in the works can be divided into three concentric circles, not overlapping, no intersection, but cooperate with each other to build a complete narrative structure, which is indispensable. This is like the relationship between all the characters in the novel, estranged from each other, immersed in their absurd world, but because of Eddie's influence, the funeral journey is completed together. This precisely reflects the existentialist advocated by free choice and responsibility to get rid of absurdity and pain of the basic state of existence, create their own essence, change their lives. This structure of narration, on the other hand, fosters the patience of the Benderlons and the whole of mankind in the face of adversity and the unyielding spirit of their mission. The plot and narrative structure reflect the core idea of existentialism. Faced with the inherent absurdity and loneliness of human beings, the Bendelun family has made great efforts to change its original living conditions and demonstrate the great quality of human endurance and unremitting struggle in the face of difficulties.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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