武者小路实笃初期作品中的自我意识

发布时间：2018-06-08 19:23

本文选题：自我意识 + 托尔斯泰主义　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：白桦派作家武者小路实笃，明治18年出生于东京落末的贵族家庭。明治43年4月，与同年级的志贺直哉，高年级的有岛武郎等学习院出身的贵族子弟一起创办了期刊杂志《白桦》，他们因此而被人们称为白桦派。在自然主义文学鼎盛时代的明治后期，武者小路作为白桦派的中心人物，站在了与自然主义文学不同的立场，批判自然主义文学作品中的露骨的描写，运用率直大胆的写作手法表达自己真实的想法。与自然主义文学停滞不前的消极态度相反，他积极地主张伸展个性，倡导要充分地表现自己的生命，希望开拓出新的文学领域。武者小路站在与自然主义对立的立场，理所当然的受到了自然主义追捧者的批判和攻击。为捍卫白桦派的主张和立场，他用笔杆子同自然主义追捧者进行了激烈的论战。可以说武者小路是白桦派的战士。这个时期的日本文坛弥漫着自然主义压抑的文学气息，而武者小路却高歌自然主义认为卑微的自我，重视人的尊严，将理想的人道主义思想注入到当时陷入僵局的日本文坛。芥川龙之介对武者小路初期作品给予了很高的评价，称之为“打开了文坛的天窗，宛如清新的空气注入进来”。明治36年，武者小路初次接触到托尔斯泰主义，之后他为了治愈初恋失败的苦闷，沉迷于俄国文学家托尔斯泰，成为托尔斯泰主义的信奉者。然而，现实中他要忍受禁欲的煎熬，挣扎在理性和肉欲的矛盾中。在托尔斯泰主义时代，他对自己所处的阶级产生疑问，向往平等，否定富贵，提倡劳动和禁欲主义。然而，尽管托尔斯泰的禁欲主义曾一度治愈了落入失恋苦痛的他，但是现实是在新的爱情出现时，他再次落入了理性和肉欲的痛苦中，于是他想挣脱禁欲的束缚。在每每想要实行托尔斯泰主义而不能成功的过程中，他感觉到了托尔斯泰主义在自己身上的不可行性。武者小路从托尔斯泰主义脱离的过程是在与梅特克林的作品《智慧与命运》产生共鸣，接受梅特克林主义的过程。他受梅特克林主义的影响，顺从本能，从爱他人转向爱自己。开始重视忠实自己、伸张自我的他从主张“平等”，，“禁欲”、“博爱”的托尔斯泰主义脱离，开始提倡“自我至上主义”、“自我中心主义”。本论文主要论述了武者小路实笃初期作品中所体现出的自我意识。
[Abstract]:Bai Hua writer Takeshi Takeshiro, Meiji 18 years born in the end of Tokyo's aristocratic family. Meiji in April 43, with the same year of Chihiya, The upperclassmen, such as Ishima Wulang, and other aristocratic children who studied in the academy founded the journal "Bai Hua" together, and they were therefore known as the Bai Hua School. In the late Meiji period of the heyday of naturalistic literature, As the central figure of the Bai Hua school, the wushu path stands in a different position from naturalistic literature, criticizes the explicit description in the naturalistic literature works, and expresses his true ideas by using a straightforward and bold writing technique. Contrary to the negative attitude of naturalistic literature stagnation, he actively advocated to extend his personality, advocate to fully express his life, and hope to open up a new literary field. The wushu path stands in opposition to naturalism, and is naturally criticized and attacked by naturalist admirers. In order to defend the ideas and positions of the Bai Hua faction, he used his pen to engage in fierce controversy with naturalist admirers. It can be said that the path of the Walkman is a soldier of the Bai Hua faction. In this period, the Japanese literary world was filled with the repressed literary atmosphere of naturalism, while the martial arts path chanted the naturalist view of humble self, attached importance to human dignity, and injected the ideal humanitarianism thought into the Japanese literary world, which had reached an impasse at that time. Akutagawa Lonosuke gave a very high appraisal of the early works of Takeshiro Wu, calling it "opened the skylight of the literary world as if the fresh air had been injected into it." in 36 years of Meiji, Takeshiro first came into contact with Tolstoianism. Later, in order to cure the frustration of his first love, he became a follower of Tolstoy by indulging in the Russian writer Tolstoy. In reality, however, he has to endure abstinence, struggling with the contradiction between reason and sensuality. In the age of Tolstoy, he questioned his class, yearned for equality, denied wealth, and advocated labor and asceticism. However, although Tolstoy's asceticism once cured him of falling in lovelorn, the reality is that when new love comes, he falls again into the pain of reason and carnal desire, and he wants to free himself from the bondage of abstinence. In the process of trying to practice Tolstoy without success, he sensed the infeasibility of Tolstoy in himself. The path of the wushu from Tolstoy is a process that resonates with Mette Klin's work "Wisdom and Destiny" and accepts Mette Clintonism. Influenced by Mette Clintonism, he obeyed his instincts and moved from loving others to loving himself. He began to attach great importance to being faithful to himself, and he began to advocate "self-supremacy" from Tolstoicism, which advocated "equality", "abstinence" and "fraternity". Self-centeredness. This paper mainly discusses the self-consciousness embodied in the early works.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I313.06

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