论伍尔夫女性主义思想及其在创作中的呈现

发布时间：2018-06-08 19:48

本文选题：伍尔夫 + 双性写作　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(1882-1941)是英国20世纪文学中开创意识流小说的重要作家之一,她的思想意蕴丰富,艺术手法新颖独特,具有极大的研究空间。伍尔夫在文学创作中关注女性意识、女性经验、女性文学传统,并大胆地革新艺术形式使曾经沉默的女性声音得以表达,为人们能够更加真实、完整的认识两性世界做出重要贡献。随着西方女权主义运动的发展,伍尔夫的随笔、散文、书信、日记等文学作品受到女权主义者的广泛关注,她们对伍尔夫的作品进行了认真而仔细的研读,在此基础上深入挖掘伍尔夫的女性主义思想。从女性主义角度去评析伍尔夫的作品本无可厚非,但是将伍尔夫的身份单一的定位为“女权主义者”却有待商榷。本文尝试对伍尔夫女性主义思想的主要内容进行解读,在伍尔夫的作家、女性主义者二位一体身份定位的基础之上,观照她的文学创作。通过文本细读,主要从三个方面探讨伍尔夫的女性主义思想。第一章结合伍尔夫的生平,围绕伍尔夫最早的“双性同体”思想展开论述,这一时期伍尔夫注意到女性和男性间的不平等现象,她的作品中呈现出对女性沦为客体地位的义愤,她的女性主义倾向还不明晰,突显出来的是双性共存的性别意识。第二章分析转向女性主义立场后伍尔夫思想的变化。她从思想、文化的角度分析造成两性间不平等的原因,她在创作中努力探寻女性摆脱情感和自我表达困境的道路,为女性创作中的自由表达、自我确立起到了先锋模范作用。第三章从伍尔夫晚期提出的“局外人”身份入手,探讨伍尔夫“局外人”主张背后的深层思想。纵观这些重要的观点,伍尔夫的女性主义思想具有阶段化的特征。结语部分对伍尔夫三个阶段的女性主义思想进行评价并定位伍尔夫在文学史中的地位。伍尔夫的女性主义思想不是一成不变的,从一开始的懵懂到后来的了解并自觉参与女权主义运动,再到从思想、文化层面分析造成男权统治的原因,以及她晚期提出的建立“局外人社团”的主张,可以说伍尔夫从未停止对两性关系的思考,她关于两性的思考在不断地深化。伍尔夫不仅敢于提出自己的理论主张而且在生活和创作中付诸行动,她将目光始终放在“人”自身,在“人”的精神内核中挖掘出诸如：同情、理解、宽容、爱意、诗意等种种情感和人生体悟,在狭窄的女性生存空间中,开辟出一片广阔的价值空间。虽然她的思想还存在偏颇之处,但是通过对伍尔夫两性思想的探究可以看出,伍尔夫强调人类存在的多元化,寻求逾越两性对立冲突的融合与和谐,同时她也注意到融合背后的差异性,提倡融合过程中个体主体性的确立,这对于我们今天寻求和谐的生存环境,解决由于文化、性别、阶级、宗教等方面的差异所导致的各种冲突具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) is one of the most important writers who pioneered stream of consciousness novels in British literature in the 20th century. Her ideas are rich, her artistic methods are novel and unique, and she has great research space. Woolf pays attention to female consciousness, female experience, female literary tradition in literary creation, and boldly innovates the art form so that the once silent female voice can be expressed, so that people can be more real. A complete understanding of the world of both sexes makes important contributions. With the development of feminist movement in the West, Woolf's essays, letters, diaries and other literary works received extensive attention by feminists. They studied Woolf's works seriously and carefully. On the basis of this, Woolf's feminist thought is deeply explored. It is fair to comment on Woolf's works from the perspective of feminism, but it is open to question that Woolf's identity is singly defined as "Feminist". This paper attempts to interpret the main contents of Woolf's feminist thought. On the basis of Woolf's writer and feminist identity orientation, this paper studies her literary creation. Through careful reading of the text, Woolf's feminist thoughts are mainly discussed from three aspects. The first chapter, based on Woolf's life, discusses Woolf's earliest thought of "androgyny". In this period, Woolf noticed the inequality between women and men. Her feminist tendency is still unclear, and the gender consciousness of bisexual coexistence is highlighted. Chapter two analyzes the change of Woolf's thought after turning to the feminist position. From the perspective of thought and culture, she analyzes the causes of inequality between the two sexes. She tries to find out the way for women to get rid of the predicament of emotion and self-expression in her works, and thus plays a pioneering and exemplary role in the free expression and self-establishment of women's creation. Chapter three begins with the identity of "outsider" put forward by Woolf in his later period, and probes into the deep thoughts behind Woolf's "outsider" proposition. Throughout these important viewpoints, Woolf's feminist thought has the characteristic of stage. The conclusion part evaluates Woolf's three stages of feminist thought and orientates Woolf's position in the history of literature. From the first ignorant to the later understanding and conscious participation in the feminist movement, to the ideological and cultural analysis of the causes of patriarchal domination, and her late idea of establishing "outsider societies," It can be said that Woolf never stops thinking about gender relations. Woolf not only dared to put forward her own theoretical ideas but also put her eyes into practice in her life and creation. She always focused on the "human" itself, digging out such as sympathy, understanding, tolerance and love in the spiritual core of "human". Poetry and other emotions and understanding of life opened up a vast space of value in the narrow living space of women. Although her thoughts are biased, it can be seen from the study of Woolf's gender thoughts that Woolf emphasizes the diversity of human existence and seeks to transcend the fusion and harmony of opposing conflicts between the sexes. At the same time, she also noticed the differences behind integration and advocated the establishment of individual subjectivity in the process of integration, which is useful for us today to seek a harmonious living environment and to solve the problem due to culture, gender, class, The conflicts caused by religious differences are of great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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