《还乡》中尤苔莎悲剧命运的生态批评解读

发布时间：2018-06-10 04:21

本文选题：《还乡》 + 尤苔莎　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《还乡》是哈代“性格与环境小说”中比较出名的一部,自出版以来就广受关注。本文采用国内外相关生态批评的理论对该小说进行解读,揭示尤苔莎悲剧的成因,探究作者更深层次的生态哲学思想,并借此强调保持自然、社会和精神生态和谐的重要性。本论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。引言部分简要介绍了哈代的创作经历、《还乡》的主要情节及生态批评理论的发展史,同时重点分析了该小说的国内外研究现状,并通过《还乡》中哈代对自然环境的描写分析了哈代的生态意识。第一章从生态整体观的角度分析尤苔莎的悲剧命运,即藐视自然,摒弃自然而遭受毁灭的命运。人类只有了解自然,尊重和敬畏自然,才能与自然和谐共处。而尤苔莎一心想逃离自然,因而无法与自然和谐共处,最终酿成悲剧。第二章分析尤苔莎与社会的不和谐。根据布克钦自由社会的理论,首先分析尤苔莎所处的社会的不和谐因素,即等级观念依然存在,并腐蚀着人们的思想,造成了荒原上经济和文化方面的不和谐,也一定程度上加深了尤苔莎高人一等的观念。然后指出导致其悲剧命运的第二个重要原因是尤苔莎与荒原人们的疏远及误会。无法与克林友好相处进一步导致了尤苔莎的悲剧。人与人之间的和谐相处对于处理生态危机尤为重要,尤苔莎独来独往,必定无法与荒原社会和谐共处。第三章通过分析尤苔莎的精神世界的不和谐。首先指出尤苔莎对外面世界的盲目崇拜、信仰的缺失及心灵的空虚,使其急于摆脱现状,追求物质享乐；其次指出尤苔莎的道德缺失：尤苔莎对爱情、家庭、婚姻不负责任,这一点必然导致其悲剧的发生。通过对尤苔莎扭曲的精神的描述,哈代揭露了人们失衡的精神生态,表达了对和谐精神生态的企盼。结论部分重申本论文的主旨,并指出了本论文的研究意义。本论文通过对尤苔莎悲剧命运的生态批评解读,阐释了哈代的生态思想：人们应矫正错误的生态观念,保持人与自然之间的平衡,使自然环境、社会环境和人们的精神世界达到高度的协调和统一。笔者也呼吁人们重视生态和谐,共同行动起来构建和谐的地球家园。
[Abstract]:Returning Home is a famous novel of Hardy's character and Environment, which has attracted much attention since its publication. Based on the theories of ecological criticism at home and abroad, this paper interprets the novel, reveals the causes of Youtesha's tragedy, explores the author's deeper ecological philosophy, and emphasizes the preservation of nature. The importance of social and spiritual ecological harmony. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces Hardy's creative experience, the main plot of returning to his hometown and the history of ecological criticism theory. At the same time, it focuses on the analysis of the domestic and foreign research status of the novel. The first chapter analyzes the tragic fate of Yutsa from the perspective of ecological holistic view, that is, the fate of despising nature, abandoning nature and being destroyed. Human beings can live in harmony with nature only if they understand nature, respect and respect nature. But Yutsa wants to escape from nature, so she can not live in harmony with nature, which leads to tragedy. Chapter two analyzes the disharmony between Yutsa and society. According to the theory of a free society in Buktschen, first of all, the disharmony of the society in which Yutthysa lives is analyzed, that is, the idea of hierarchy still exists and corrupts people's minds, resulting in economic and cultural disharmony on the wasteland. To some extent, it also deepened the idea that Yotsa was superior to others. The second important reason leading to his tragic fate is the alienation and misunderstanding between Yutthysa and the people of the wasteland. The lack of rapprochement with Klin further led to Yotsa's tragedy. It is very important for people to get along with each other in order to deal with the ecological crisis. Yutsa alone will not be able to live in harmony with the wasteland society. Chapter three analyzes the disharmony of Yutsa's spiritual world. First of all, it is pointed out that the blind worship of the outside world, the lack of faith and the emptiness of the soul make YTSA anxious to get rid of the present situation and pursue material enjoyment. Secondly, she points out her moral deficiency: she is not responsible for love, family, and marriage. This will inevitably lead to its tragedy. By describing Yutsa's distorted spirit, Hardy exposes the unbalanced spiritual ecology of people and expresses his expectation of harmonious spiritual ecology. The conclusion part restates the gist of this thesis and points out the research significance of this thesis. This paper explains Hardy's ecological thought by interpreting the tragic fate of Yutthysa: people should correct the wrong ecological concept, maintain the balance between man and nature, and make the natural environment. Social environment and people's spiritual world to achieve a high degree of coordination and unity. I also appeal to people to pay attention to ecological harmony and act together to build a harmonious earth home.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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