孤独的存在者—存在主义解读《心是孤独的猎手》

发布时间：2018-06-14 10:00

本文选题：存在主义 + 荒诞　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《心是孤独的猎手》是二十世纪美国南方的天才作家卡森·麦卡勒斯在1940年年仅二十三岁时出版的第一本小说，并且获得了巨大的成功。小说以美国南方的一个小城镇为背景，描述了二十世纪中期工业化社会下美国普通大众的生存方式和精神状态。集中描写了人们的内心的痛苦，孤独，精神隔绝和焦虑。他们都试图通过反抗来冲破这种痛苦的状态，找到生存的意义，但一切都是徒劳。二十世纪四十年代后期也就是二战后的几十年正是存在主义在西方尤其是欧洲兴盛的时代，十年后也就是二十世纪五十年代存在主义才逐渐成为美国哲学中的主要流派。所以卡森以其敏锐的思想较早地通过其小说在美国介绍传播存在主义思想，她探讨了个体存在于世的各种情绪体验，并通过“自由选择”来寻找存在的本质和生命的意义。本文试图来分析《心是孤独的猎手》这部小说所反映的存在主义思想,从而以全新的角度来理解麦克勒斯和这部作品。本文分为五部分，首先介绍作家作品及其与存在主义有关的生活经历。并在前人研究的基础上来对本论文的论点做出概述。第一章讨论个人存在于世的状况及其各种情绪体验，，具体包括存在于世的荒诞感，疏离感，以及焦虑和孤独感，以此来讨论作品所反映出的存在主义思想。第二章分析作品人物对存在的探寻，以此来摆脱荒诞感，孤独感等负面情绪。他们通过身份的探寻来寻找归属感，通过自由选择和积极行动来探寻生存的意义。最后一章是最总探寻的结果，自由选择的行动证明所有的努力都是徒劳，人总注定要孤独在世，证明了存在主义理论先驱克尔凯郭尔的“孤独个体”概念。所以孤独是无法逃避的。存在于世就是要面对死亡，我们不得不“向死而在”。当理解了这个，人就会清除怎样来计划人生，怎样自在冷静的面对生活。这也正是麦卡勒斯和存在主义想传达给我们的。麦卡勒斯的孤独是无法摆脱的，她用自己敏锐的观察力来展现了人类心灵深处的孤独，以及对存在的无止境的探索。
[Abstract]:Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Carson McCullers, a genius writer in the 20th century, published his first novel at the age of 23 in 1940, and achieved great success. The novel, set in a small town in the southern United States, describes the way of life and spiritual state of the American general public in the middle of the 20th century. Focuses on people's inner pain, loneliness, mental isolation and anxiety. They all tried to break through this painful state of struggle and find the meaning of survival, but in vain. Existentialism flourished in the West, especially in Europe, in the late 1940s, the decades after World War II. Ten years later, existentialism gradually became the main school of American philosophy. So Carson introduced and spread existentialism in the United States earlier with her keen thoughts. She explored the emotional experience of individual existence in the world, and through "free choice" to find the essence of existence and the significance of life. This paper attempts to analyze the existentialism reflected in the novel "Heart is the Lonely Hunter", so as to understand MacLeus and the novel from a new perspective. This paper is divided into five parts. Firstly, the writer's works and their life experiences related to existentialism are introduced. And on the basis of previous studies to make a summary of the arguments of this paper. The first chapter discusses the existence of the individual in the world and its various emotional experience, including the existence of absurdity, alienation, as well as anxiety and loneliness, to discuss the works reflected in the existentialism thought. The second chapter analyzes the characters' search for existence to get rid of such negative emotions as absurdity and loneliness. They seek the sense of belonging through the search for identity, and seek the meaning of existence through free choice and positive action. The last chapter is the result of the most general exploration. The action of free choice proves that all efforts are futile, that man is doomed to be alone, and that the concept of "lonely individual" by Kierkegaard, a pioneer of existentialism theory, is proved. So loneliness is inescapable. To exist in the world is to face death, we have to "die and exist". When you understand this, people will clear how to plan life, how to face life calmly. This is exactly what McCullers and existentialism want to convey to us. The loneliness of McCullers is inextricable, she uses her keen observation to show the loneliness of the human soul and the endless exploration of existence.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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