赖特《土生子》文化霸权解读

发布时间：2018-06-14 08:55

本文选题：土生子 + 文化霸权　；参考：《山西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：理查德赖特作为美国具有国际影响的黑人作家之一，长篇小说《土生子》是他最优秀的代表作，也是美国黑人文学史上划时代的里程碑。本文运用后殖民理论中的文化霸权相关理论对赖特的《土生子》进行解读，以期对美国白人主流社会对黑人推行文化霸权的方式有一个清晰的认识，同时本文还研究了小说主人公别格作为白人群体塑造的“他者”形象，在文化霸权下对自我的追寻历程。本文的主体部分首先研究了美国白人主流社会向黑人群体推行文化霸权的种种方式，即监视的眼、媒介的隐形权力、教育的束缚和宗教的欺骗。在美国社会，白人主流社会通过各种监视手段使黑人达到自我规训，以使自己的身体处于白人监视者所希望看到的常规状态；以媒介为代表的大众文化左右着人们的认知和思考方式，受众成为了媒介摆布下的机械木偶；白人掌控着教育资源，通过教育扼杀黑人的成长空间，束缚黑人，而宗教亦成为白人统治阶级规训黑人的工具。美国白人社会在对黑人推行文化霸权的过程中传达着种族歧视和种族压迫的观念。其次本文研究了小说主人公别格作为白人群体塑造的“他者”形象，在文化霸权下对自我的追寻历程。别格的自我追寻经历了三个阶段：规训与认同——臣服于“黑人他者”形象、间离与反叛——游离于“黑人他者”形象、向死而生，自我主体的回归——超越“黑人他者”形象。只有黑人个人意识和民族意识的觉醒，以及黑人之间的团结才能改变黑人自身受压迫受歧视的状态，，才能使美国黑人沐浴在自由、民主、平等的幸福之光中。
[Abstract]:Richard Wright is one of the black writers with international influence in the United States. The novel Native son is his best masterpiece, and it is also an epoch-making milestone in the history of American black literature. This paper uses the theory of cultural hegemony in post-colonial theory to interpret Wright's Native son, in order to have a clear understanding of the way in which the white mainstream society in the United States carries out cultural hegemony on black people. At the same time, the thesis also studies the process of pursuing self under the cultural hegemony of the protagonist Berg as the "other" image created by the white group. In the main part of this paper, the author first studies the ways of carrying out cultural hegemony to the black group in the mainstream American white society, that is, the eyes of surveillance, the invisible power of the media, the bondage of education and the deception of religion. In American society, the white mainstream society makes the black people achieve self-discipline through all kinds of surveillance means, in order to make their body in the normal state that the white monitor wants to see; Mass culture, represented by the media, has influenced people's cognition and thinking, and the audience has become a puppet under the influence of the media. The white man controls the educational resources, strangles the black growing space through education, and restrains the black people. Religion also became a tool for the white ruling class to discipline blacks. White American society conveys the idea of racial discrimination and racial oppression in the process of carrying out cultural hegemony against black people. Secondly, this paper studies the "other" image created by the protagonist Berg as a white group, and his pursuit of self under the cultural hegemony. Berg's self-pursuit has gone through three stages: discipline and identification-surrender to the image of the "black other", separation and rebellion from the image of the "black other", and life to death. The return of self-subject-transcending the image of "black other". Only the awakening of the individual and national consciousness of the black people and the unity among the blacks can change the state of oppression and discrimination of the blacks themselves, and enable the black Americans to bathe in the light of the happiness of freedom, democracy and equality.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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