小说《朗读者》女主人公汉娜的心理分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 22:51

本文选题：汉娜 + 荣格　；参考：《西南交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《朗读者》是德国作家本哈德.施林克1995年出版的代表作。文章采用第一人称叙述法,从成年后的男主人公米夏埃尔.伯格的角度出发,回溯其年少时的往事,向读者介绍了一段发生在第二次世界大战之后非比寻常的爱情故事。小说由三部分组成。第一部分讲述了15岁的中产阶级家庭少年米夏埃尔与36岁的电车女售票员汉娜.施米茨相遇。第一次相遇的导火线是少年的黄疸病。汉娜在米夏埃尔生病时给予帮助和温暖。痊愈后的米夏埃尔应母亲的要求到汉娜家道谢,却在无意之中偷看到汉娜换衣服而窘迫逃跑。这次机缘引发了他们毕生的纠葛。此后,懵懂无知的少年与汉娜之间有了短期的肉体之爱。在此期间两人经常一起沐浴、朗读、做爱、并排小睡。虽然偶有争吵,但他们一起度过了一段美好的时光,然而汉娜突然不辞而别,故事告一段落。第二部分中米夏埃尔作为法学院实习生观摩纳粹集中营罪犯的审判,与汉娜七年后在法庭上再次相遇。当米夏埃尔发现汉娜曾是纳粹集中营女看守时,内心充满矛盾。而当猛然醒悟汉娜不辞而别、承担一切罪责只是为了保守自己是文盲的秘密时,米夏埃尔更是备受煎熬,是揭露秘密帮助汉娜减刑,还是保守秘密尊重汉娜的选择,米夏埃尔进退两难……最终他选择了麻木、沉默和逃避。在第三部分汉娜入狱服刑期间,米夏埃尔终究无法忘却那段情缘,结束了短暂不幸的婚姻之后,通过录音机和磁带再次为汉娜朗读。汉娜终于学会读写,满怀希望地给米夏埃尔写信。然而他始终无法摆脱内心的障碍,没有回信或是去监狱探望。在汉娜即将出狱前的唯——次探望中,米夏埃尔也无法对汉娜的“罪”释然。有了文化的汉娜似乎对自己的“罪”有了更加清醒的认识,从米夏埃尔的举动中读懂他不会接纳完整、真实的自己。她毅然终结了和米夏埃尔之间无结果的爱,以自缢的形式再一次不辞而别,这也是灵魂的最终救赎。米夏埃尔最后完成汉娜的遗愿,把汉娜的存款捐助给了“犹太人扫盲联盟”。小说中的女主人公汉娜是一个身份和性格都很特殊的人。她平庸,因为她是一个文盲；但她又是特殊的,因为社会给她贴上了“纳粹”、“凶手”、“集中营女看守”这样的标签。她热衷于倾听别人朗读文学作品,她对文学世界里美好事物的向往越强烈,对自己的文盲身份也就越羞愧越厌恶。在审判纳粹的法庭上,她甚至不惜用谎言来掩盖这个秘密,以认罪来维护她卑微的尊严。但在监狱中,汉娜却转而正视自己的文盲身份,自学识字。原型是瑞士心理学家卡尔.荣格的精神分析理论中的一个重要概念。原型指自从远古时代就存在的每一个人先天就获得的普遍意象和模式。荣格的原型理论对以下几种重要的最初模式作了详尽的论述：阿尼姆斯(animus)、阿尼玛(anima)、阴影、人格面具。本文以对汉娜的心理分析为立足点,通过细读文本,从中找出女主角汉娜的性格特点和其行为背后的心理根源,并试以荣格的心理分析理论为基础,细致剖析小说女主人公汉娜的心路历程,从而更加真实地感受小说所呈现的人物的内心世界,深刻理解影响汉娜悲剧命运的心理诱因。
[Abstract]:The reader is a representative of the German writer Ben hade shilk, published in 1995. The article uses the first person narration, from the angle of the adult hero Michael Berg, back to his young years, to introduce an unusual love story to the reader after the Second World War.
The novel is made up of three parts. The first part is about the 15 year old middle class family young Michael who meets the 36 year old streetcar conductor Hanna Schmitz. The first encounter is the boy's jaundice. Hanna gives help and warmth when Michael is ill. The recovered Michael should be the mother's request to Hanna's. Thanks, it was unwittingly peeking at Hanna to change his clothes and fled. This chance caused their life's life. After that, the ignorant teenager and Hanna had a short physical love. During that time, two people often bathed, read, made love, and had a nap. Although they had a quarrel, they spent a good time together. In the second part of the second part, Michael, as a law school intern, looked at the trial of the Nazi concentration camp, and Hanna met again in the court seven years later. When Michael found Hanna was a Nazi centrally guarded woman, he was filled with contradictions. Michael is more suffering from the secret to help Hanna to reduce his sentence, or to keep a secret respect for Hanna's choice, and Michael is in a dilemma. Finally, he chose numbness, silence and escape. In the third part of Hanna, Michael, Michael, Michael After all, I could not forget that love, and after a short and unfortunate marriage, reading to Hanna again through a tape recorder and tape. Hanna finally learned to read and write and wrote Michael with hope. However, he was unable to get rid of the obstacles in his heart, no reply or visit to prison. A only visit to Hanna before he was out of prison. Michael can not be relieved of Hanna's "sin". Hanna, who has a culture, seems to have a more sober understanding of his "sin", and read from Michael that he will not accept the integrity and true self. She resolutely terminated the fruitless love between Michael and once again, in the form of hanging, It was also the ultimate salvation of the soul. Michael finally completed Hanna's last wish and donated Hanna's savings to the Jewish literacy alliance.
The heroine in the novel, Hanna, is a person with a very special identity and character. She is mediocre because she is a illiterate; but she is special, because the society has labeled her "Nazi", "murderer", "concentration camp woman guard". She is keen to listen to other people to read literary works. She is good at the literary world. The more intense the yearning for, the more ashamed of his illiteracy. In the trial of the Nazi court, she even concealed the secret with a lie to defend her humble dignity. But in prison, Hanna turned to face his illiteracy, and learned to learn to read.
Archetype is an important concept in the psychoanalytic theory of Carle Carl Jung, a Swiss psychologist. Archetype refers to the universal images and patterns that every individual has acquired since ancient times. Carl Jung's archetypal theory elaborated on the following important models: Arnim J (animus), Anima (anima), and Yin. In this paper, based on the psychological analysis of Hanna, this article tries to find out the character characteristics of the heroine Hanna and the psychological root behind his behavior through a detailed reading of the text, and tries to analyze the journey of the heroine Hanna in the novel, based on Carl Jung's psychological analysis theory, and thus more truly feel the presentation of the novel. The inner world of the characters profoundly understands the psychological inducements that affect Hanna's tragic fate.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I516.074

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