《拯救溺水鱼》的后殖民解读

发布时间：2018-06-20 00:44

本文选题：谭恩美 + 《拯救溺水鱼》　；参考：《广西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：谭恩美是当今美国华裔作家的代表人物。自1989年第一部作品《喜福会》问世以来,谭恩美先后又创作了《灶神之妻》(1991)、《灵感女孩》(1995)和《接骨师之女》(2001)。至此,她的作品已形成鲜明的个人风格,即都涉及到华人家庭中母女关系,华人族裔身份及东西方文化的冲突与融合等问题。这些作品均以独特的写作手法和生动的文笔在国内外获得巨大成功,好评如潮,并成为众多批评家关注的焦点。然而,谭恩美历时五年精心打造的长篇小说《拯救溺水鱼》(2005)却没有得到西方批评家及读者以往的关注和一致的赞誉。且关于该小说的评论褒贬不一,有的批评家认为谭恩美试图突破以往她小说中的华裔的界限,而有的批评家则认为她的这部小说脱离了原有的写作风格,研究价值不大。本文试从文本细读入手,运用后殖民主义的相关理论证明谭恩美在该小说中解构了西方传统的种族及文化优越论的抵抗式写作是其招致西方批评家及读者不解和争议的根本原因。本论文共分为五部分。第一章为文献综述,相关理论的概述及作家作品介绍。第二章指出《拯救溺水鱼》的故事背景由其过去的虚幻的东方转为纪实性的东方之旅,破除了其以往小说中东方主义话语的时空格局。通过分析西方人眼中的东方异域风光及文化,阐明了东方不需要西方一厢情愿的“拯救”。西方所谓的“拯救”起不到任何作用,它只会破坏东方文化自身的完整性；相反,西方文化通过对东方文化的重新认识,则可从中得到自我发展,从而达到自我拯救的目的。谭恩美用自己诙谐幽默的语言把异质文化之间的差异、矛盾和碰撞艺术地展现在读者面前,表征了她多元文化共存的文学诉求。第三章指出在小说《拯救溺水鱼》中,谭恩美跳出了西方传统文学中人物描写的固有模式。在长期的文化偏见和种族歧视下,西方文学作品中充满了令人反感的东方人物形象。本章讨论了谭恩美为了回击西方文化霸权,对西方话语权威进行的大胆挑战,消解了“东方主义”话语强压在东方人身上的刻板形象,成功地再现了东方人的男性气质,并打破了长期以来东方女性在西方主流话语中的失语状态。第四章分析了谭恩美对白人人物形象充满批判讽刺的刻画,对白人的“拯救”神话进行的颠覆。身心俱患顽疾的西方人无法拯救任何人,相反,东方人的天人合一的和谐的价值观却是拯救西方人身心的良药。从而,解构了西方的话语霸权,消解了存在于东西方之间的二元对立。第五章得出结论：这部小说虽然招致西方批评家及读者的消极反应,但恰恰标志着谭恩美的小说实现了对东方主义的超越。同时,也体现了谭恩美在当今多元文化及全球化的时代背景下,对东西方平等对话,各个种族、各个文化之间和平相处及构建和谐社会的美好愿望。
[Abstract]:Amy Tan is the representative of Chinese American writers today. Since the first work of the Joy Luck Club in 1989, Amy Tan has successively created the wife of the kitchen god (1991), the inspiration girl (1995) and the woman of the bone master (2001). At this point, her works have formed a distinctive style, that is, the mother and daughter relationship in the Chinese family, the Chinese ethnic group. These works have achieved great success at home and abroad with unique writing techniques and vivid writing, which have become the focus of many critics.
However, Amy Tan's five year long novel, "save drowning fish" (2005), did not get the attention and unanimous praise of the Western critics and readers. And the comments on the novel are mixed and commended, and some critics believe that Amy Tan is trying to break through the limits of the Chinese descent she said in the past, while some critics think Her novel is out of the original style of writing and is of little value in the study. This paper, starting with a detailed reading of the text and using the related theories of post colonialism, proves that Amy Tan's resistance to the Western tradition of racial and cultural superiority was deconstructed in the novel which is the root cause of the disagreement and controversy of Western critics and readers.
This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter is the literature review, the summary of the related theories and the introduction of the writers and works. The second chapter points out that the story of saving the drowning fish is transformed from its past fantasy east to the documentary Oriental journey, breaking the spatial and temporal pattern of the orientalist discourse in his previous novels. The scenery and culture of the foreign region states that the east does not need the Western wishful "salvation". The Western so-called "salvation" does not play any role. It only destroys the integrity of the eastern culture itself; on the contrary, the western culture can get self development through the re recognition of the Oriental Culture and thus achieve the goal of self salvation. Amy Tan uses his humorous language to show the differences, contradictions and collisions between different cultures in front of the readers, and characterizing the literary appeal of her multicultural coexistence.
The third chapter points out that in the novel < save drowning fish >, Amy Tan jumped out of the inherent pattern of portrayal in the traditional western literature. Under the long-term cultural prejudice and racial discrimination, the western literary works were filled with the disgusting Oriental figure. This chapter discussed Amy Tan's authority in Western cultural hegemony and the authority of Western discourse. The bold challenge dissolves the stereotyped image of Orientalism in the Orientals, successfully reproduces the masculinity of the Orientals and breaks the aphasia in the western mainstream discourse for a long time.
The fourth chapter analyzes Amy Tan's portrayal of the white characters, which is full of criticism and satire, and subverts the "salvation" myth of the white people. The westerners who are physically and mentally ill can not save anyone. On the contrary, the harmonious values of the harmony between the East and the human beings are the good medicine to save the westerners, and thus deconstruct the western hegemony. Power has eliminated the two element opposition between the East and the West.
The fifth chapter draws a conclusion that, although the novel leads to the negative reaction of Western critics and readers, it just marks the transcendence of Amy Tan's novels to Orientalism. At the same time, it also embodies Amy Tan's dialogues, races, cultures and cultures in the context of contemporary multiculturalism and globalization. The good desire to build a harmonious society and to build a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】