《秀拉》中原型人物的移用

发布时间：2018-06-20 14:08

本文选题：托尼·莫里森 + 诺斯诺普·弗莱　；参考：《云南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为托尼·莫里森的第二部小说,《秀拉》已吸引了众多学者,他们也对《秀拉》做了很多非常有价值的研究探索。作为一名黑人女性,秀拉的自我身份追寻是该小说最重要的主题之一,也是众多研究中的热点话题之一。托尼·莫里森作为一名黑人女作家,自小便受各种神话的熏陶,她的许多作品,诸如《奶娃》和《所罗门之歌》均因其多彩的神话元素闻名。尽管《秀拉》不像这两本那么明显,其中的神话元素也不容忽视。黑人女性自我身份追寻、两名黑人女性之间的友谊、母女关系以及对善恶的反思都是该书的热点话题。谈及《秀拉》中的神话元素,许多学者皆认为该书从原型意向、人物、情节以及主题上都富含神话色彩。因此,本文从该书中所示的原型人物着手,旨在揭示小说女主人公追寻自我身份失败的原因。本文认为在种族歧视和性别歧视的双重压力下的自我身份追寻注定是失败的,而她自身对黑人社区责任感的却是也是其失败的重要原因。诺斯诺普·弗莱可谓原型批评的先驱者,他所著的《批评的剖析》记叙了他有关原型批评的主要观点。他先提出文学在实践和理论上的传统着重点“一直是放在表征或酷似生活上”’,这意味着文学作品须与现实生活有些许共同之处,不管该作品是和读者同时代还是跟作者是同时代。弗莱提出“移用”这一文学名词。根据弗莱的解释,移用是文学创作的一种手法,它将神话或者神话的结构置于现实主义的小说中。考虑到人们对文学形式的常规解读,移用使得文学作品更为可行和具有说服力。作家,尤其是现实主义作家都应当“按照凡人的意向‘移用’神话”。2本文以弗莱的原型批评理论为依据,分析《秀拉》中的三个典型的原型人物移用,揭示秀拉追寻自我身份失败的内外因。本文认为,秀拉自我身份追寻是一种失败,其原因可以从对文中三个典型原型人物的移用的分析中得出。秀拉作为撒旦原型的移用,其撒旦似性格特征导致其与黑人社区脱离,而通过秀拉作为撒旦原型移用和男性的撒旦似的行为的对比,本文又得出秀拉失败的另一个原因,即性别歧视。夏娃·匹斯是上帝和大母神这两个神话原型的移用。对该原型移用的分析可得出秀拉失败是由于性别歧视和种族歧视造成的。夏德拉克是酒神狄奥尼索斯的移用,他同时也和秀拉有一些共同之处。他们都具有反叛精神和对自由的向往,但是却得到了黑人社区迥然不同的对待,并且两者的生命历程也因此不同。夏德拉克不仅从战争中存活,而且在后来的隧道坍塌事故中存活,这次存活也暗含了夏德拉克在自我身份追寻中的存活。然而,秀拉的自我追寻之路却以死亡而终。其死亡也宣告了她自我追寻的失败。莫里森在该书中描写了三个典型的原型人物。秀拉代表了黑人追求平等自我和自由的意愿；夏娃既反映了黑人妇女传统的一面又反映了其非传统的一面；夏德拉克则代表了黑人社区的主流：黑人男性。通过这三个人物塑造,莫里森表达了自己对黑人及其生活的社区的深思。她赞扬秀拉敢于为平等自我的追寻,并希望借此唤起黑人社区的共鸣。然而她同时也想提醒黑人们自由和平等固然重要,但是遵循黑人社区的传统同样必不可少。
[Abstract]:As the second novel of Tony Morrison, Sula has attracted many scholars, and they have also made a lot of very valuable research and exploration of Sula. As a black woman, the pursuit of self identity of Sula is one of the most important themes of the novel and one of the hot topics in many studies. Tony Morrison is one of the most popular topics. Black women writers have been nurtured by myths in their urine. Many of her works, such as "milk baby" and "the song of Solomon", are all famous for their colorful mythological elements. Although "Sula" is not as obvious as these two, the mythological elements can not be ignored.
The self identity of the black women, the friendship between the two black women, the mother daughter relationship and the reflection on the good and the evil are all the hot topics of the book. The aim of this article is to reveal the reasons for the failure of the heroine in pursuit of self identity. This article holds that the pursuit of self identity under the double pressure of racism and sexism is doomed to failure, but her own sense of responsibility for the black community is also an important reason for her failure.
Northrop Fry is the pioneer of archetypal criticism, his critique of the analysis of the main points of his archetypal criticism. He first proposed that the traditional emphasis on literature in practice and theory "is always placed in representation or like life", which means that literary works must have something in common with real life, The work is in the same age as the reader, or the same time as the author. Frye put forward a literary term for "transfer". According to Frye's interpretation, it is a means of literary creation, which puts the structure of mythology or mythology in a realistic novel. It is more feasible and persuasive. The writer, especially the realistic writer, should "transfer the mythology" in accordance with the intention of the mortal..2, based on Frye's archetypal criticism, analyzes the three typical archetypal characters in Sula and reveals the internal and external causes of the failure of the self. The search is a failure, which can be derived from the analysis of the transfer of three typical archetypal characters in the text. Sula was used as a Satan archetype and its Satan character led to its disengagement from the black community, and the failure of Sula to be a comparison of the disappearance of Satan like Satan and the male's Satan like behavior by Sula. Another reason, sex discrimination. Eve is the transfer of the two mythological archetype of God and the Great Mother God. The analysis of the migration of the archetype can be caused by sex discrimination and racial discrimination. Chandra J is the transfer of the Dionysian Dio Nirsos, and he has some common ground with Sula. They both have A rebellious spirit and a yearning for freedom, but a very different treatment of the black community, and the life course of the two is different. The path of self search ended with death. Her death also declared her failure to pursue herself.
Morrison describes three typical archetypal characters in the book. Sula represents the desire of black people to pursue equal self and freedom; Eve reflects both the traditional side of the black woman and its non traditional side; Chandra J represents the mainstream of the black community: black men. Through these three characters, Morrison She expressed his reflection on the black community and the community she lived in. She praised Sula for the pursuit of equal self and wanted to arouse the resonance of the black community. However, she also wanted to remind the black people that freedom and equality were important, but it was also necessary to follow the traditions of the black community.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】