从弗洛伊德人格结构理论角度解读《穿越》的主人公比利

发布时间：2018-06-21 04:00

本文选题：《穿越》 + 弗洛伊德　；参考：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今美国文坛，科马克·麦卡锡的作品一直备受关注，他的小说主要描写美国及墨西哥中下层人民的生活经历，并广受北美读者的欢迎和评论界的赞誉。《边境三部曲》及《流血的子午线》是科马克·麦卡锡西部小说代表作品，为其奠定了在现代美国文坛上的大师地位。边境三部曲之一《穿越》是关于美国和墨西哥边境的经典小说，很多学者对其生态理论研究比较深入。但是却对这部作品的其他方面关注不够，本文深入人物研究，从弗洛伊德人格结构理论的角度深入对人物形象进行分析，从而对人物性格做深度剖析。在《穿越》这部作品中，科马克·麦卡锡巧妙的阐释了三次穿越对主人公产生的影响，包括对其内在心理、外在应对能力、以及人格方面升华方面的影响，展现了人格的特点。本文利用弗洛伊德的理论，从本我，自我和超我三个层次对比利进行深层次分析。在三次穿越中，比利应对困难和自我蜕变的过程，都在弗洛伊德的三个理论中得到充分的研究。三格中占主导地位的人格会决定主人公的性格及人格特点，，也是本文所研究的重点。比利本来是一个无忧无虑的小男孩，正是有了本我内在的需求，以及对内在渴望的追求，使得比利学会了对现实的适应，同时，自我的防御机制使得比利的性格得到了充分的控制和提高。更有了每段旅途中的超我的升华，从而让主人公的形象更加丰满。此外，本文也阐释了主人公超我净化升华的原因，更加深化了比利对道德以及良知的理解和坚持。通过对当时美国和墨西哥的社会环境，包括战争和人性的描写，充分体现了主人公比利的性格形成和蜕变。这篇论文从弗洛伊德的人格结构分析视角解读《穿越》，论文分为三章。第一章分析主人公三次穿越中本我，自我和超我的人格表现，以及三格之间的斗争，从而得出结论，分析出占据主人公内心的人格。第二章深入分析比利在应对现实的时候，处理焦虑时运用的自我防御机制，这是比利到最后没有被现实和本我的欲望打败的强大机制，同时也是比利强大内心的体现。第三章主要论述了比利的超我得到净化的主要原因，包括内因和外因。以及比利为超我在自身形成所付出的努力，比利的自我沉思和其周围的好人好事的正面影响，促成了其超我净化的最终形成。在《穿越》中，麦卡锡通过比利的经历，分析了二十世纪初美国和墨西哥边境的状况，并通过弗洛伊德的人格分析理论，充分展现了比利的人性的优劣，每个人的性格形成是有一定原因的，通过该理论，比利的性格得到充分展现。本文主要是从心理学的角度，深挖人物内在性格特性。同时展现了美国人在墨西经历和体验。
[Abstract]:In contemporary American literature, Cormack McCarthy's works have attracted much attention. His novels mainly describe the life experiences of the middle and lower classes of people in the United States and Mexico. "Border Trilogy" and "Meridian of Blood" are the representative works of Cormack McCarthy's Western novels, which has established his status as a master in modern American literature. One of the frontier trilogy, Crossing, is a classic novel about the border between the United States and Mexico. Many scholars have deeply studied its ecological theory. However, there is not enough attention to the other aspects of this work. This paper goes deep into the study of characters, analyzes the characters from the perspective of Freud's personality structure theory, and makes a deep analysis of the characters' characters. In traversing, Cormack McCarthy cleverly explains the influence of three traversals on the protagonists, including their inner psychology, external coping ability, and the sublimation of personality, showing the characteristics of personality. Based on Freud's theory, this paper makes a deep analysis of Billy from the three levels of ego, ego and superego. Billy's process of coping with difficulties and self-transformation in three traversals is well studied in Freud's three theories. The dominant personality in the three cases determines the character and personality of the protagonist, which is also the focus of this paper. Billy was a carefree little boy, and it was with the inner needs of the ego and the pursuit of inner desires that Billy learned to adapt to reality, and at the same time, The self-defense mechanism gave Billy full control and improvement of his character. More with each section of the journey of superego sublimation, so that the protagonist image more full. In addition, this paper also explains the cause of the purification and sublimation of the hero's superego, which further deepens Billy's understanding and persistence of morality and conscience. The description of the social environment of the United States and Mexico, including war and human nature, fully reflects the formation and transformation of Billy's character. This paper interprets traversing from Freud's perspective of personality structure, which is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the personality performance of the protagonist three times through the id, ego and superego, as well as the struggle between the three cases, and then comes to a conclusion and analyzes the personality that occupies the hero's heart. The second chapter deeply analyzes the self-defense mechanism used by Billy to deal with anxiety in dealing with reality. This is the powerful mechanism that Billy has not been defeated by reality and ego desire, and it is also the embodiment of Billy's strong heart. The third chapter mainly discusses the main reasons of the purification of Billy's superego, including internal and external causes. And Billy's efforts to form the superego in itself, Billy's self-contemplation and the positive influence of the good people around him, contributed to the final formation of his superego purification. In traversing, McCarthy analyzes the state of the border between the United States and Mexico at the beginning of the twentieth century through Billy's experience, and through Freud's theory of personality analysis, fully demonstrates Billy's human nature. Everyone's character is formed for a reason, through which Billy's character is fully displayed. This article is mainly from the psychology angle, excavates the character characteristic deeply. At the same time, it shows the American experience and experience in Mercy.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

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