《凡人》中主人公生存困境之存在主义研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 19:39

  本文选题：衰老 + 死亡　； 参考：《中国矿业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯(1933-)是一位杰出的当代美籍犹太作家，他的小说通常描写当代美籍犹太人的生活。《凡人》主要探讨个体的存在与死亡主题，这一主题与存在主义的主题有相似之处。《凡人》围绕主人公凡人的生存状况和他的生存困境展开，讲述了其衰老、疾病与死亡的人生经历。 本论文运用萨特的存在主义观点和海德格尔的死亡观来探讨主人公凡人的生存困境。通过对《凡人》进行文本分析，本论文旨在研究凡人的身体困境、精神困境以及其为克服困境所做的自由选择。萨特的存在主义探讨人的生存状况和生存困境，其要点是恐惧、焦虑、孤独、异化、虚无与自由选择等。另外，，海德格尔的死亡观是向死而在，他提倡人们勇敢地面对死亡。罗斯在这部小说中体现的思想与萨特和海德格尔的存在主义观相吻合。在这部小说中，一方面，主人公凡人遭受着身体机能的衰退和身体死亡带来的恐惧。另一方面，他婚姻和家庭的解体以及他对传统和宗教的背离导致其精神上的孤独、异化、焦虑与虚无。为了摆脱这些身体的和精神的困境，主人公做出自由选择通过性来逃避衰老和死亡和通过艺术来摆脱孤独和虚无。然而，凡人的种种做法并没有克服这些困境，因为挫败感和虚无感依然困扰着他。最后，凡人经历在父母墓地的洗礼后对死亡有了新的认识，从而他能够平静地、勇敢地正视身体死亡的逼近。 本文通过对凡人生存状况和生存困境的分析得出结论：《凡人》中体现的主人公的生存困境，在犹太人和当代人中也同样存在。因此，菲利普·罗斯所关注的不仅是犹太人的生存状况和生存困境，而且也是当代人乃至全人类的生存状况和生存困境，这部小说具有一种普遍意义，体现了罗斯对于犹太人乃至全人类的终极关怀。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross (1933-) is an outstanding contemporary American Jewish writer whose novels usually describe the life of contemporary American Jews. This theme is similar to that of existentialism. "mortals" revolves around the living conditions of the protagonists and the plight of their survival, and describes their life experiences of aging, illness and death. This thesis uses Sartre's existentialism and Heidegger's view of death to explore the existential dilemma of the protagonist. Based on the textual analysis of mortal, this paper aims to study the physical and mental dilemmas of mortals and their free choices to overcome them. Sartre's existentialism explores people's living conditions and difficulties, the main points of which are fear, anxiety, loneliness, alienation, nothingness and free choice. In addition, Heidegger's view of death is toward death, he advocates that people face death bravely. The thought embodied by Ross in this novel coincides with Sartre and Heidegger's existentialism. In this novel, on the one hand, the hero mortals suffer from the decline of physical function and the fear of physical death. On the other hand, the disintegration of his marriage and family and his deviation from tradition and religion lead to his spiritual loneliness, alienation, anxiety and nothingness. In order to extricate themselves from these physical and mental dilemmas, the protagonist freely chooses to escape aging and death through sex and to escape loneliness and nothingness through art. However, mortal practices did not overcome these dilemmas, as frustration and nothingness still beset him. Finally, the mortal experienced a new understanding of death after the baptism of his parents' grave, so that he could face the approaching of physical death calmly and courageously. Based on the analysis of the living conditions and plight of mortals, this paper draws a conclusion that the existential plight of the protagonists embodied in "mortals" also exists in Jews and contemporary people. Therefore, Philip Ross is concerned not only about the living conditions and plight of Jews, but also about the living conditions and predicaments of contemporary people and all mankind. This novel has a universal significance. It reflects Ross' ultimate concern for Jews and all mankind.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

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本文编号：2054013