启蒙运动后期德国资产阶级公共领域在小说《少年维特之烦恼》中的体现

发布时间：2018-06-24 22:58

本文选题：资产阶级公共领域 + 道德　；参考：《青岛大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：18世纪后期德国社会发生巨大的变化,资产阶级的经济地位增强,可是他们的政治地位却依然地下,他们仍然受到资产阶级贵族的压迫。随着启蒙运动的发展,资产阶级的个人意识越来越强,他们更加强调对私人领域的保护。但是政治地位的低下却使这种保护成为空谈,因此他们对贵族阶级对他们政治压迫的不满就更加强烈。而康德认为唯一的解决方法是资产阶级参与到公共领域当中。资产阶级公共领域就是在这种情况下产生的。最初的资产阶级公共领域是以文学公共领域的方式产生的。因为资产阶级政治地位的低下,他们就采取了道德的手段来争取自己的权力,通过这一载体进行道德的批评。《少年维特之烦恼》就是资产阶级公共领域的典型文学作品。这部小说主要从三个方面表现了资产阶级公共领域。第一个方面是将私人领域带到公共领域。如小说采用了非常适合表达感情的书信体。第二个方面是小说中充分体现了资产阶级公共领域的典型思想,以道德使政治合理化。这主要体现在维特与社会的关系上。第三个方面体现在维特强烈的个人意识上。小说在公众中的传播促使更多的人加入了公共领域,也促进了资产阶级公共领域的发展。
[Abstract]:Great changes took place in the German society in the late 18th century, and the economic status of the bourgeoisie was strengthened, but their political status was still underground, and they were still oppressed by the bourgeoisie aristocracy. With the development of the Enlightenment, the bourgeoisie's personal consciousness became stronger and more emphasis was placed on the protection of the private sphere. But the low political status made the protection empty and their dissatisfaction with the aristocrats with their political oppression became even stronger. Kant believes that the only solution is bourgeois participation in the public sphere. It is under such circumstances that the bourgeois public sphere has emerged. The initial bourgeois public sphere came into being in the form of literary public domain. Because of the low political status of the bourgeoisie, they adopted moral means to strive for their own power, through this carrier to carry out moral criticism. The novel mainly shows bourgeois public sphere in three aspects. The first is to bring the private sphere into the public domain. For example, the novel adopts a kind of epistolary which is very suitable for expressing feelings. The second aspect is that the typical ideas of bourgeois public sphere are fully embodied in the novel, and the politics is rationalized by morality. This is mainly reflected in the relationship between Victor and society. The third aspect is reflected in Victor's strong personal consciousness. The spread of the novel in the public prompted more people to join the public sphere and promoted the development of the bourgeois public sphere.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I516.074

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