美国超验主义散文艺术比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:24

本文选题：美国文学 + 超验主义　；参考：《武汉大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：超验主义从一开始便既是一场文学运动,同时也是一场思想解放运动。它是美国文艺复兴的巨大驱动力量和主导力量,并代表了其发展的高峰。超验主义最突出的文学成就表现在散文的创作上。本论文将美国超验主义散文置于世界文学的视域下,主要以古代希腊散文和中国明清散文为借镜,进行比参研究,为我们全面考察超验主义散文的精神风貌和文化及艺术品格提供一条新的认知途径,并为跨文化间的散文艺术比较研究提供一个平等对话的平台。论文主要由绪论、正文和余论三个部分构成。绪论部分开宗明义：超验主义运动是美国文学独立的前驱。超验主义散文的文学性问题一直困扰着文学评论界。对此,结合中国的大散文观以及国内外散文范畴的变迁历史加以分析,从而使超验主义散文的体裁、题材、立意和形式等具有的特征在大散文的视野下得到统一性把握,并如实反映出超验主义散文具有包容性的范畴特征。正文由三个板块构成,分别为以下三章。第一章“与古希腊散文的比较研究：世俗性与劝诫性的融合”分为三节。第一节分析两者的创作主体都关注世俗生活,并注重对世俗生活的叙述和阐发。在此基础上探析超验主义散文的世俗性文化渊源。第二节分析超验主义文人在散文创作中自觉地应用了圣经文学的叙事策略,使其散文发挥了劝诫作用。第三节考察两者如何融合世俗性与劝诫性,论证两者融合的共同纽带是创作主体都自觉地赋予自身以传教者的身份职责。由于融合了世俗性与劝诫性的特征,所以超验主义认为“没有历史,只有传记”,尤为注重个人经历的价值。第二章“与明清散文的比较研究：创新性与保守性的融合”有三节。第一节主要从文体、散文家的主体性意识及其审美倾向三个层面进行比参研究,分析两者的创新性。第二节分析超验主义散文的保守性。两者在保守性方面具有共性,即表现为对工商业的批判态度和对小说文体的抵制。但是,两者的立场视角以及所提出的解决方案是不一样的。笔者对其保守性的共性和个性进行文化探析。第三节分析创新性和保守性融合的共同基础在于创作主体对创新与保守两者关系的哲学思考。这主要表现为对“圆”的深刻理解和阐发。最后,笔者分析认为,超验主义创新性与保守性的融合表现为散文中铁路意象的矛盾性以及《日晷》杂志的矛盾风格,也加剧了超验主义文人集团的离散。第三章“对美国散文的线性梳理”有三节。前两节探究美国散文的分期及其特点。纵观美国散文的发展史,殖民地时期和独立战争时期的散文创作为超验主义散文的产生准备了条件。超验主义散文则代表了美国散文的成熟。此后,散文的发展由于受到斯文传统的侵蚀,不能很好地表达自我和反映时代与民心,出现了衰微的发展趋势。到十九世纪末二十世纪初,美国散文的衰微局面得到了扭转,直到今天呈现出多元的发展格局,显现出巨大的活力。第三节分析超验主义散文对美国文学本土经验的继承和发展。尤其重要的是,从对超验主义散文的分析中,我们可以预见美国散文的兴盛、停滞和重新崛起。这说明美国散文的艺术生命力和表现力的强弱与超验主义思想是密切相关的。最后一部分是余论。这一部分分为三节。第一节分析造成超验主义文人集团集聚和离散的主要因素,帮助我们更深入和更全面地了解超验主义散文的创作特色。第二节和第三节通过跨越性比参研究,论证超验主义文人在散文创作中注重建构散文的宏大境界,平衡散文纵横两维度,试图得出对当今散文鉴赏、散文批评、散文创作以及散文理论建构都具有一定借鉴意义的经验总结。
[Abstract]:From the beginning, transcendentalism is both a literary movement and an ideological emancipation movement. It is the great driving force and leading force of the American Renaissance and represents the peak of its development. The most prominent literary achievement of Transcendentalism is manifested in the creation of prose. In the view of the ancient Greek prose and the Chinese Ming and Qing prose as a mirror, the study provides a new cognitive approach to the comprehensive investigation of the spiritual features and cultural and artistic qualities of the transcendental prose, and provides a platform for an equal dialogue for the comparative study of intercultural prose art.
The thesis is mainly composed of the introduction, the text and the three parts. The exordium has the meaning that the transcendentalism movement is the precursor of the independence of American literature. The literary question of the Transcendentalist prose has plagued the literary critics all the time. The characteristics of the transcendentalism prose, such as genre, subject, intention and form, are unify under the vision of the great prose, and reflect the inclusive category characteristics of the transcendentalism prose.
The text is composed of three sections, which are divided into three chapters. The first chapter "comparative study of ancient Greek prose: the integration of secularism and admonition" is divided into three sections. The first section analyses the main subjects of both of them concerned with secular life and the narration and elucidation of secular life. On this basis, the secular prose of transcendental prose is analyzed. The second section analyses the narrative strategies of the transcendentalism writers in the prose creation, which makes the prose play an exhorting role. The third section examines how the two are combined with secularism and admonition, and the common link between the two is that the creative subjects give themselves the identity duty of the missionaries self consciously. After integrating the characteristics of secularization and exhortation, Transcendentalism holds that "no history, only biography", paying particular attention to the value of personal experience.
The second chapter "comparative study of the prose of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: the integration of innovation and conservatism" has three sections. The first section mainly studies from three aspects of style, the subjective consciousness of the essayist and its aesthetic tendencies, and analyzes the innovation of the two. The second section analyses the conservatism of the transcendentalism prose. That is, the critical attitude towards industry and Commerce and the resistance to the style of the novel. However, the perspective of the two and the proposed solutions are different. The author carries out a cultural analysis of the commonness and individuality of its conservatism. The third section of the analysis of the integration of innovation and conservatism lies in the creative and conservative two. This is mainly manifested in the profound understanding and elucidation of the "circle". Finally, the author thinks that the fusion of Transcendentalism and conservatism shows the contradiction of the railway image in prose and the contradiction style of the sundial magazine, which also aggravates the discretization of the transcendentalism literati group.
The third chapter, "linear combing of American prose", has three sections. The first two sections explore the stages of American prose and its characteristics. A survey of the history of American prose, the creation of prose in colonial times and the period of independent war for the emergence of Transcendentalist essays. The Transcendentalist prose represents the maturity of American prose. Thereafter, prose In the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the decline situation of American prose has been reversed, until the end of the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the decline of American prose has been reversed, and the third section analyses transcendentalism. The essays inherit and develop the local experience of American literature. It is especially important that from the analysis of the transcendentalism prose, we can foresee the prosperity, stagnation and the rise of American prose. This shows that the artistic vitality and expressiveness of American prose are closely related to the transcendentalism.
The last part is Yu theory. This part is divided into three sections. The first section analyzes the main factors that cause the aggregation and dispersion of the transcendentalism literati group, helping us to understand the creative features of the transcendentalism more thoroughly and more comprehensively. The second and third sections demonstrate the importance of the transcendentalism in the prose creation through the cross reference study. To construct the grand realm of prose, balance the prose and cross the two dimensions, try to draw some lessons from the experience of Contemporary Prose Appreciation, prose criticism, prose creation and the construction of prose theory.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.076

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