论《人性的枷锁》中菲利普的自卑情结

发布时间：2018-06-26 01:21

本文选题：威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆 + 人性的枷锁　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆的众多作品中，自传体小说《人性的枷锁》被誉为他的代表作，并为他奠定了伟大小说家的不朽地位。小说自1915年问世以来，受到国内外读者和批评家的广泛关注，在1998年，《人性的枷锁》跻身于二十世纪百部英文小说之列。本论文试图从个体心理学的角度，，用阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒的自卑理论对文本进行细致的分析和解读。作为个体心理学的鼻祖，阿德勒认为人一生被自卑所困扰，但是人可以积极投身社会追求完美。同样，在《人性的枷锁》中，毛姆不仅对造成菲利普自卑的原因进行了探索，而且剖析了菲利普摆脱自卑获得超越的过程。基于小说与理论的契合之处，因此，本文试图用阿德勒的理论分析该小说。本论文由引言，结论和四个章节组成。引言部分首先对毛姆的生平经历及其文学作品进行了简略的介绍，同时简要地说明了小说的故事梗概并对文献资料进行了梳理归纳，最后对本论文的框架及其研究意义作了简要论述。第一章从母爱缺失、器官缺陷、家庭以及社会四个方面详细的分析造成菲利普自卑情结的原因。阿德勒认为，缺乏父母之爱，身体缺陷以及社会因素都将导致人们强烈的自卑感。小说主人公菲利普身处冷漠的世界，因此，自卑感是不可避免的。第二章关注小说中菲利普努力摆脱自卑的尝试。基于阿德勒提出的生活任务中相互依赖的三个方面，即事业、爱情、友谊，详细探讨了菲利普摆脱自卑，寻求优越，获得完美，努力得到补偿的过程。第三章指出小说中菲利普如何获得精神和肉体的超越。第一节具体的分析菲利普摆脱家庭、身体缺陷以及贫困的枷锁。第二节解析了在培养社会兴趣的过程中，菲利普决定回归现实、投身社会，和萨利过世俗的生活。第四章从毛姆个人的生活经历深入探究毛姆的创作动机。毛姆严重的自卑感促使他塑造出菲利普这样的人物，并且帮助他通过情感的宣泄以减轻内心的痛苦。结论部分对整篇论文进行总结。通过以上几章的分析，本论文指出造成菲利普自卑的原因，获得补偿和超越的过程，并且深入探究了毛姆的创作动机，点明了其与阿德勒理论的相似之处。与此同时，本论文旨在使读者对小说有更深层次的理解，并指出人可以通过和社会建立良好的关系，献身社会而提升个人能力、实现个人价值这一观点，为现代人提供了获得救赎的一种方式。
[Abstract]:Among the many works of William Somerset Maugham, the autobiographical novel the yoke of Human Nature is regarded as his masterpiece and has established his immortal status as a great novelist. Since its publication in 1915, the novel has attracted wide attention from readers and critics at home and abroad. In 1998, the shackles of Human Nature was among the 100 English novels in the 20th century. This thesis attempts to analyze and interpret the text from the angle of individual psychology with Alfred Adler's inferiority complex theory. As the originator of individual psychology, Adler believes that one is troubled by inferiority throughout one's life, but one can actively pursue perfection in society. Similarly, in the shackles of Human Nature, Maugham not only explores the causes of Philip's inferiority complex, but also analyzes the process in which Philip gets beyond the inferiority complex. Based on the agreement between the novel and the theory, this paper attempts to analyze the novel with Adler's theory. This paper consists of introduction, conclusion and four chapters. The introduction first introduces Maugham's life experience and his literary works briefly, at the same time, briefly explains the story outline of the novel and summarizes the literature. Finally, the framework and significance of this paper are briefly discussed. The first chapter analyzes the causes of Philip's inferiority complex from four aspects: maternal love deficiency, organ defect, family and society. Adler believes that lack of parental love, physical defects and social factors will lead to a strong sense of inferiority. Philip, the protagonist of the novel, is in an indifferent world, so the inferiority complex is inevitable. Chapter two focuses on Philip's attempt to get rid of inferiority. Based on the three interdependent aspects of life task proposed by Adler, namely, career, love and friendship, this paper discusses in detail the process of Philip getting rid of inferiority, seeking superiority, obtaining perfection, and striving to get compensation. Chapter three points out how Philip gets the transcendence of spirit and body in the novel. The first section of the specific analysis of Philip out of the family, physical defects and poverty shackles. In the second section, Philip decides to return to reality, devote himself to society, and lead a secular life in the course of cultivating social interest. Chapter four explores Maugham's creative motivation from his personal life experience. Maugham's sense of inferiority caused him to create a figure like Philip and help him relieve his inner pain through emotional catharsis. The conclusion part summarizes the whole paper. Through the analysis of the above chapters, this paper points out the cause of Philip's inferiority, the process of obtaining compensation and transcendence, and probes deeply into Maugham's creative motivation, and points out its similarities with Adler's theory. At the same time, the purpose of this paper is to make readers have a deeper understanding of the novel, and point out that people can enhance their personal ability and realize their personal value by establishing good relations with society and by devoting themselves to society. It provides a way for modern people to be saved.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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