弗洛伊德精神分析视阈下莫里森小说研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 02:08

【摘要】：本论文摆脱当下盛行的对莫里森小说从种族、政治、性别、宗教伦理以及叙事策略等意识形态或写作手法来分析莫氏作品的研究方法,而是以弗洛伊德精神分析理论为视角,在细读文本的基础上,对莫里森的《最蓝的眼睛》、《秀拉》、《所罗门之歌》、《宠儿》以及《爵士乐》五部小说从分析精神现象到揭示人性本质的与众不同的颠覆性解读,进而深入剖析莫里森小说的思想内涵。本文首先回顾了莫里森在读书期间的专业兴趣取向以及成名之后在许多访谈中所流露出来的浓浓的弗洛伊德情结,这种情结对其后来的小说创作无疑产生了重大的影响。第一章对莫里森小说中一组精神分裂人进行了心灵解读。运用弗洛伊德的潜意识理论阐释处于黑人女孩佩克拉的意识、前意识和潜意识三个层面的愿望；运用弗洛伊德的本能学说解读退伍兵夏德拉克所创立的令人费解的“全国自杀节”；运用弗洛伊德的精神防御学说解释了黑人老妇贝比·萨格斯超乎常人的隐忍；维奥莱特执着地对抗着发生在大脑中的“裂纹”,表明莫里森小说中精神分裂人在支离破碎的生活状态中,为追求生活的完整所付出的不懈努力。第二章对莫里森小说中人物的人格结构进行深入剖析。奈尔看似“安静”的生活并不逊色于表面上轰轰烈烈的女主人公秀拉的试验性生活,弗洛伊德的儿童理论和潜抑理论为奈尔曲折复杂的心路历程找到了答案；奶娃从本我、自我到超我的成长历程体现了弗洛伊德的三段式人格结构理论；塞丝对过去记忆的循环重现证实弗洛伊德精神分析学说中创伤性癔症产生的可能性；乔对女人的依恋实则表明他怀有弗洛伊德在文学作品中发现的恋母情结。第三章运用弗洛伊德的力比多理论分析莫里森小说中人物的性压抑与性冷漠。波莉和露丝的压抑并非全部是由种族歧视和性别歧视造成的,性压抑也是她们内心忧郁的极其重要的原因；夏娃和派拉特专注于性以外的色彩斑斓的生活,表明她们的力比多发生了动力转移,从而证明弗洛伊德性欲学说中力比多具有“能量守衡”的特点；第四章分析了莫里森小说中关于梦境的描写。根据弗洛伊德的释梦理论,梦有来自意识的梦,有来自潜意识的梦,无论哪种梦都是梦者愿望的达成。本章着重分析了夏娃、波莉来自意识的梦和奶娃来自潜意识的梦,并探讨了梦的意象、象征以及梦者在梦境中所反映出来的道德意识。本论文的创新点在于选择按小说中人物精神现象进行分类的论述方法,运用弗氏的精神分析理论对发生在小说中的人物精神现象进行逐一解读,通过一种精神分析理论对应于一种精神现象的分析,既可以清晰地认识弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,又可以理解莫里森小说中令人费解的精神现象,从而达到认识弗氏精神分析理论和理解莫里森笔下让人困惑的精神现象的双重目的。本论文意义在于运用弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,聚焦于莫里森小说中人物的情感因素和精神因素,证明非裔美国人并非只有评论界热衷谈论的所谓黑人性。事实上,非裔美国人也具有极其典型的普通人性。对于非裔美国人的启示是,内省的力量往往要大于控诉的力量；而让我们文学评论者不得不警觉的是,在当下盛行生态批评的形势下,人的“精神生态”更值得关注。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the research methods of Morrison's novels by ideology or writing techniques such as race, politics, sex, religious ethics and narrative strategies. It is on the basis of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, on the basis of a detailed reading of the text, to Morrison's blue eyes, Sula, and < Solomon. The five novels of song >, < beloved > and < Jazz > from the analysis of spiritual phenomena to revealing the nature of human nature are different and subversive interpretation, and then the ideological connotation of Morrison's novels is deeply analyzed.
This paper first reviews the interest orientation of Morrison during his study and the strong Freud complex in many interviews after his fame, which undoubtedly has a great influence on his later novel creation.
The first chapter makes a spiritual interpretation of a group of schizophrenic people in Morrison's novels. Using Freud's subconscious theory, it explains the desire of the black girl paikla's consciousness, the three levels of the pre consciousness and the subconscious mind, and to interpret the puzzling "national suicide" created by the army of the Veterans by Freud's instinct theory. With Freud's spiritual defense theory, the black old woman Babby Saggers has been explained more than the human being's forbearance; Violet persistently confronts the "crack" in the brain, indicating the unremitting efforts of the schizophrenic in Morrison's novel to pursue the integrity of life in the fragmented state of life.
The second chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the personality structure of the characters in Morrison's novels. Nair's seemingly "quiet" life is not inferior to the superficial heroine Sula's experimental life, and Freud's theory of children and the submersible theory have found the answer to the complicated and complicated journey of Nair; the milkman is from the original and the self. The growth of superego embodies the theory of Freud's three paragraph personality structure; Seth's recurrence of the memory of the past confirms the possibility of the creation of traumatic hysteria in Freud psychoanalysis, and Joe's attachment to women shows that he has Freud's Oedipus complex found in literary works.
The third chapter uses Freud's libido theory to analyze the sexual oppression and sexual apathy in Morrison's novels. The repression of Polly and Ruth is not all caused by racial discrimination and sex discrimination, and sexual depression is the most important reason for their inner melancholy; Eve and PADAT focus on the colorful life outside sex. It shows that their libido has undergone a dynamic shift, which proves that libido has the characteristics of "energy conservation" in Freud's theory of sexuality.
The fourth chapter analyzes the description of dreams in Morrison's novels. According to Freud's dream theory, dreams come from the dream of consciousness, the dreams come from the subconscious, and no matter which dreams are the dreams of the dreamer. This chapter focuses on the analysis of Xia Wa, Polly's dream from consciousness and the dream from the subconscious, and the image of the dream, and the symbol of the dream. And the moral consciousness reflected by dreamers in dreams.
The innovation of this paper is to choose the method of classification according to the character of the characters in the novel, and use Freud's psychoanalytic theory to interpret the characters of the characters in the novel one by one, and the analysis of a spiritual phenomenon by a psychoanalytic theory, which can clearly understand the spirit of Freud. The theory of analysis can also understand the puzzling spiritual phenomena in Morrison's novels, thus achieving the dual purpose of understanding the theory of Freud's psychoanalysis and understanding the puzzled mental phenomenon in Morrison.
The purpose of this thesis is to use Freud's psychoanalytic theory to focus on the emotional and spiritual factors of the characters in Morrison's novels, proving that African Americans are not only the so-called blacks in which the critics are keen to talk about. In fact, African Americans also have the most typical common human nature. The power of the province is often greater than the power of the accusation; and what our literary critics have to be aware of is that in the present situation of ecological criticism, the "spiritual ecology" of people is more worthy of concern.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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