遇见他者-J.M.库切《等待野蛮人》的列维纳斯式解读
发布时间：2018-07-24 13:57
【摘要】：南非知名作家J.M.库切可谓当代文坛泰斗级人物,为世界文学作出了巨大的贡献,囊括了诺贝尔文学奖、布克奖等多项重要文学奖项。几乎每部他的小说都多多少少有一丝寓言的意味,而《等待野蛮人》因其时空背景的不确定与主人公的无姓无名被公认为是库切寓言色彩最浓重的一部作品。一些批评家对库切在这部小说中采用寓言体颇有微词,认为他应该积极回应南非的政治现实而非消极回避。对《等待野蛮人》的批评研究大多是从后殖民后现代的角度出发,关注其与南非政治的关系。而本文则尝试借助法国哲学家埃马纽尔·列维纳斯的他者的伦理学来解读《等待野蛮人》中自我与他者的伦理关系,以此来为库切辩护。 出于对土著人偏执的优越感和莫名的恐惧感,小说当中的帝国以极其残忍暴力的手段压制他们以保持和巩固自己的政权。其自律走向极端,发展成为极权主义,给他者带去了巨大的折磨。与此同时,故事主人公经历了一番漫长而痛苦的伦理觉醒过程——他发现了土著人不可还原的他者性和帝国野蛮的本质；他意识到对他者的无限伦理责任进而决心承担起这份责任。主人公逃脱了帝国的自律,他走出自我、拥抱他者之后开始遵循他者的他律。他勇敢地帮助土著人与帝国抗争,尽管这样做的代价是他失去了往日的舒适与欢乐,身陷危险,获得了艰难的自由。 库切在《等待野蛮人》中采用寓言体不是为了逃避历史和现实,而是为了巧妙地回应南非乃至全世界的现实。通过对这部小说的列维纳斯式解读,本文试图揭示库切向读者传达的伦理启示：在自我与他者的相遇中,只有自我无条件地尊重他者并承担起对他者的伦理责任,世界的正义与和平才有可能成为现实。怀着颗敏感同情之心,库切对一些人给另一些人造成的苦难作出了深刻的反思,他含蓄而又殷切地为全人类指出了一条伦理救赎之路——用尊重与责任来治愈这个充满战争、千疮百孔的世界。
[Abstract]:J. M., a famous writer in South Africa. Kuche is a great figure in the contemporary literary world, who has made great contributions to the world literature, including the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Booker Prize and many other important literary awards. Almost every one of his novels has a fable, and the waiting Barbarian is regarded as one of the most fable works because of the uncertainty of the background of time and space and the unknown name of the protagonist. Some critics are critical of Kuchet's use of fables in the novel, arguing that he should respond positively to the political reality of South Africa rather than avoid it passively. Most of the critical studies on the waiting Barbarians focus on their relationship with the politics of South Africa from the postcolonial postmodern point of view. This paper attempts to interpret the ethical relationship between self and other in waiting Barbarian by virtue of the other ethics of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas in order to defend Kuche. Out of their paranoia and inexplicable fear, the empire in the novel oppressed them with brutal violence to maintain and consolidate their power. His self-discipline went to the extreme and developed into totalitarianism, which brought great torment to others. At the same time, the protagonist of the story goes through a long and painful process of ethical awakening-he discovers the irreducible nature of the other and the savage nature of the empire; Aware of his boundless ethical responsibility to the other, he resolved to take it. The protagonist escapes the self-discipline of the Empire, he walks out of himself, embraces the other and begins to follow the other's heteronomy. He bravely helped the Aborigines to fight the Empire, though at the cost of losing the comfort and joy of the past, of being in danger and gaining difficult freedom. Quich used fables in waiting for the Barbarians not to escape history and reality, but to skillfully respond to the realities of South Africa and the world. Based on the Levinas interpretation of the novel, this paper attempts to reveal the ethical revelation that Kuchet conveys to the readers: in the encounter between the self and the other, only the self unconditionally respects the other and assumes the ethical responsibility to the other. Only justice and peace in the world can become a reality. With a sensitive heart of sympathy, Kuche gave a profound reflection on the suffering caused by some to others, and implicitly and passionately pointed out a path to ethical redemption for all mankind-to heal this war with respect and responsibility, A world full of holes.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I478.074
本文编号：2141593
[Abstract]:J. M., a famous writer in South Africa. Kuche is a great figure in the contemporary literary world, who has made great contributions to the world literature, including the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Booker Prize and many other important literary awards. Almost every one of his novels has a fable, and the waiting Barbarian is regarded as one of the most fable works because of the uncertainty of the background of time and space and the unknown name of the protagonist. Some critics are critical of Kuchet's use of fables in the novel, arguing that he should respond positively to the political reality of South Africa rather than avoid it passively. Most of the critical studies on the waiting Barbarians focus on their relationship with the politics of South Africa from the postcolonial postmodern point of view. This paper attempts to interpret the ethical relationship between self and other in waiting Barbarian by virtue of the other ethics of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas in order to defend Kuche. Out of their paranoia and inexplicable fear, the empire in the novel oppressed them with brutal violence to maintain and consolidate their power. His self-discipline went to the extreme and developed into totalitarianism, which brought great torment to others. At the same time, the protagonist of the story goes through a long and painful process of ethical awakening-he discovers the irreducible nature of the other and the savage nature of the empire; Aware of his boundless ethical responsibility to the other, he resolved to take it. The protagonist escapes the self-discipline of the Empire, he walks out of himself, embraces the other and begins to follow the other's heteronomy. He bravely helped the Aborigines to fight the Empire, though at the cost of losing the comfort and joy of the past, of being in danger and gaining difficult freedom. Quich used fables in waiting for the Barbarians not to escape history and reality, but to skillfully respond to the realities of South Africa and the world. Based on the Levinas interpretation of the novel, this paper attempts to reveal the ethical revelation that Kuchet conveys to the readers: in the encounter between the self and the other, only the self unconditionally respects the other and assumes the ethical responsibility to the other. Only justice and peace in the world can become a reality. With a sensitive heart of sympathy, Kuche gave a profound reflection on the suffering caused by some to others, and implicitly and passionately pointed out a path to ethical redemption for all mankind-to heal this war with respect and responsibility, A world full of holes.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I478.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 薛武;;徘徊在自我和他者中间——库切《等待野蛮人》中的道德关怀[J];温州大学学报(社会科学版);2009年03期
，本文编号：2141593
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