对石墨一雄《别让我走》中后现代主体性的拉康式解读

发布时间：2018-07-24 15:16

【摘要】：石黑一雄是当今英国文坛少数族裔文学的杰出代表。石黑一雄深受人们的关注不仅因为他在当代文坛的艺术成就，还由于他小说中超越族裔的国际化主题。石黑一雄的作品不重于关注传统的少数族裔族群的生存和精神状态，而是关注人类共性,追求文学作品的世界性。本文借用拉康的理论对石黑一雄2005年布克奖提名小说《别让我走》中女主翁主体性的构成作了深入分析。通过对构成凯西三重世界从内到外深入剖析，本文旨在证明凯西对其克隆身份的认识和接受过程恰是人类在后人文主义时代对主体的认知过程。如此，石黑一雄寓言式地向读者展现了人类在进化过程中由前启蒙时代向后现代转变的主体界定与认知模式。本文将小说中以主人翁为中心的主体世界划分为由内到外的三个层次，，而主人翁层次上的越升亦是主体逐层的异化。针对这一过程，本文分五个部分展开论述。第一部分主要对石黑一雄作品批评作了分类回顾及介绍拉康的相关理论。第二部分重点分析文中三个主要人物所构成的第一层主体世界，通过对凯西，露斯和汤米所分别代表的想象界，象征界和现实界的特征分析，展示主人翁内在世界的多元性与复杂性。第三部分围绕第二层主体世界海尔森学校展开讨论，寄宿学校海尔森是由露丝引入的想象界外在具体化的载体，也是主人翁内心世界的进一步扩展；而在对其中人与克隆认知模式相似性与矛盾性的对比中，可见海尔森所象征的主体世界是基于人与克隆本质上的相似与一致。第四部分讨论小说中第三层主体世界中人类对主体定义的后现代化趋势以及主人翁在其他者化影响下的主体性超越于回归，由此得出最后一部分的结论：《别让我走》中克隆对主体的认知过程恰是对人类主体认识历史的映射和缩影，从而引发了读者对现代人类主体性界定的重新思索。
[Abstract]:Ishiguro Yiyu is an outstanding representative of the literary minority literature in the British literary world. Ishiguro Yiyu is deeply concerned not only because of his artistic achievements in the contemporary literary world, but also because of the international theme of ethnic minorities in his novels. Ishiguro Yiyu's works are not much concerned with the existence and mental state of the traditional minority ethnic groups. By using Lacan's theory, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the constitution of Ishiguro Yiyu's 2005 buck prize nomination novel, "don't let me go" in the form of the subjectivity of the female owner, and through the deep analysis of Casey's three world from inside to outside, this article aims to prove Munkesi's understanding and acceptance of his cloned identity. Cheng Qia is the cognitive process of human being on the subject in the era of post humanism. So, Ishiguro Yiyu fable to the reader to show the subject definition and cognitive mode of human being in the process of evolution from the pre enlightenment to the backward modern.
In this paper, the main body of the novel is divided into three levels from the inner to the outside, and the rise of the master level is also the alienation of the main body. In this process, the article is divided into five parts. The first part mainly reviews and introduces the related theories of Lacan's criticism of Ishiguro Yiyu's works. The two part focuses on the analysis of the first layer of the main body of the three main characters in the text. Through the analysis of the imagination, the symbolic and the real world, which are represented by Casey, Ruth and Tommy, the third part focuses on the second main body of the world. Helson, a boarding school, is a concrete carrier introduced by Ruth and a further expansion of the inner world of the master. In the contrast of the similarity and contradiction between the human and cloned cognitive patterns, the main body of Helson is based on the similarity and agreement between human and clon. The fourth part is discussed. In the third layers of the novel, the postmodernizing trend of human beings' definition of the subject and the subjectivity of the host under the influence of other persons surpass the return. Thus the conclusion of the last part is that the cognitive process of "don't let me walk >" is the mapping and epitome of the human subject's history. Readers rethink the definition of modern human subjectivity.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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