从叙事风格看《麦田里的守望者》的成长主题

发布时间：2018-07-31 05:10

【摘要】：《麦田里的守望者》是美国当代作家J·D·塞林格的成名之作,也是该作家唯一一部长篇小说。长久以来,国内外研究者对该部小说中蕴含的主题解析颇丰,尤其是其中体现的成长主题使之成为美国当代成长小说的代表作。对成长小说的探究在国内外文学界中由来已久,成长小说以特定的人类群体即青少年群体为主体,以发生在人生历程中最重要的成长历程为内容,艺术化、集中化地呈现出人类共同的相似的成长经验。《麦田里的守望者》情节简单,语言个性化,作品问世后取得强烈反响,最大原因在于塞林格笔下塑造的一个外表纨绔叛逆、不懂礼貌、品行恶劣,而内在苦闷孤独、心思细腻又渴望童真之爱的主人公霍尔顿形象。本文试图在前人对该部小说主题的研究基础之上,首先从该部小说的成长主题对成长小说传统的继承与革新切入,反观其社会时代背景对成长主题的影响；再从叙事学层面分析该部小说语言个性化中所透露的成长主题,塞林格以人物语言的粗鄙化低俗化刻画了人物性格的叛逆与张扬,又以不失幽默的调侃语言调节了整部小说灰暗晦涩的整体氛围,其语言特征是整部小说的点睛之笔,描绘出主人公外在与内在截然相反的极端分裂,体现了成长主体矛盾和挣扎的内心世界；最后从成长经验的心理学层面,分析作品中穿插和隐藏的成长仪式,主人公的呓语和多次幻想,表面上是他走向精神分裂的前兆,实际上却昭示出人类成长经验中要经受的不可避免的成长步骤。塞林格笔下这一个苦闷中学生的三天两夜的经历和内心感受,不仅体现了青少年成长中的困惑和失落,也从侧面折射出社会发展中的虚伪与黑暗,折射出成人世界存在的虚假与沉浮,小说成长主题的巧妙阐释,对现代人具有重要的启示意义。
[Abstract]:"The catcher in the wheat field" is the famous work of American contemporary writer J D Salinger. It is also the only novel of the writer. For a long time, researchers at home and abroad have analyzed the theme of the novel quite well, especially the theme of growth that has become the representative work of the American generation novel. It has a long history in the domestic and foreign literary circles. The growth novel takes the specific human group, the youth group as the main body, and takes the most important course of growth in the course of life as the content, the art and the centralization of the common and similar growth experience. The catcher in the wheat field is simple, the language is individualized, and the works are published. After a strong response, the biggest reason is that Salinger has created a heroine image of the hero, Holton, who has been portrayed by Salinger, who does not understand politeness and bad conduct, and is inward and lonely. On the inheritance and innovation of the traditional growth novel, the influence of the social background on the growth theme is reflected, and the theme of growth revealed in the individualization of the language of the novel is analyzed from the narrative level. Salinger depicts the rebellion and publicity of the character's character with the vulgarization of the vulgarization of the character language, and the humorous teasing language. The language regulates the dark and obscure atmosphere of the whole novel. Its linguistic features are the finishing touch to the whole novel, which depicts the extreme split between the protagonist and the inner, reflecting the inner world of the contradictions and struggles of the main body, and finally, from the psychological level of the experience of growth, the analysis of the interspersed and hidden growth rites in the works, The heroine's talk and many fantasies, on the surface, are the precursors of his schizophrenia. In fact, it shows the inevitable growth steps to be withstood in the experience of human growth. The experience and inner feelings of the three days and two nights of this depressed middle school student, Salinger, not only show the confusion and loss of the teenager's growth, but also from the side. The hypocrisy and darkness in the social development reflect the falsehood and the floating of the existence of the adult world. The clever interpretation of the theme of the novel is of great enlightenment to the modern people.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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