西方现代文艺中的“奥德赛母题”研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 15:27

【摘要】：公元前八至七世纪，古希腊人荷马编纂两部荷马史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》。从此，这两部史诗和古希腊神话一起，成为西方文学艺术的源头。荷马史诗以其宏大壮阔的叙事结构，立体饱满的人物形象，以及对人类命运的深切关注著称于世。其中的《奥德赛》更是以其丰富多元的主题意向，意蕴深厚的人物关系，以及多维错综的讲述方式而对后世的西方文学艺术影响深远。综观整部《奥德赛》，其最显著的主题有三方面。一是贯穿两部荷马史诗的英雄主义情结。《奥德赛》的主要内容为希腊联军的主要将领奥德修斯受海神波塞冬的阻挠而迟迟不能返家，在归途中于各种自然环境和奇幻异象斗争的过程。荷马史诗描写的内容注定了其英雄主义特质。二是《奥德赛》中所体现出的家庭模式和爱情关系。奥德修斯、其妻帕涅罗帕、其子忒勒马科斯构成一个稳固的家庭关系，其分别代表了英雄式父亲、贤德式妻母、以及健勇式儿子这一传统美好的家庭关系。而奥德修斯和帕涅罗帕之间也相应地体现了一种稳定的爱情关系。三是《奥德赛》中的男性视角，荷马史诗的创作者是男性自不待言，而整个古希腊宗法制社会的男权背景为史诗的男性视角提供了充分的保证。本文从现代西方文学艺术与荷马史诗《奥德赛》的关联性入手，透析前者如何与后者发生关联。现代西方文学对荷马史诗的重新构建在形式上主要体现为三个方面：一是其所述内容直接取材于荷马史诗；二是借用荷马史诗中出现的主要人物形象；三是套用《奥德赛》的叙事模式。现代西方文学艺术中“奥德赛”这一形象母题的出现主要显现其于荷马史诗的差异性。这部分对应概述中对荷马史诗主题的总结，主要体现为三个方面。一是进入二十世纪后的现代，西方普遍出现一种英雄主义的覆灭情绪，这种覆灭于荷马史诗《奥德赛》中英雄主义的高涨形成了鲜明的对比。二是现代社会中传统的伦理意识不再坚固，因此《奥德赛》中古希腊宗法制度统治下的家庭关系和爱情关系也随之不再居于稳固的地位。三是西方女性主义思潮的兴起带动了思想界和文学界中性别意识的萌发和女性对话语权的争夺，在女性主义文学家创作的一些作品中对男权意识的《奥德赛》进行了某种解构。本文注重从这三方面对西方现代文学艺术中有关“奥德赛”的作品进行深入和细致的解读。
[Abstract]:From the eighth to the seventh century BC, the ancient Greek Homer compiled two Homer epics, Iliad and Odysseus. From then on, these two epics and ancient Greek mythology together become the source of western literature and art. Homer epic is famous for its grand narrative structure, solid and full characters, and deep concern for the fate of mankind. Among them, Odyssey has a profound influence on the western literature and art with its rich and diverse theme intention, profound character relationship and multi-dimensional and intricate way of narration. Looking at the whole of Odyssey, its most prominent themes are threefold. One is the heroism complex that runs through the two Homer epics. The main content of Odysseus is that Odysseus, the main general of the Greek coalition, was prevented from returning home by Poseidon, the god of the sea. The process of struggle between the natural environment and fantasy vision on the way home. The content of Homer's epic description doomed his heroism. The second is the family pattern and love relationship embodied in Odyssey. Odysseus, his wife Panelopa, and his son Telemakos constitute a strong family relationship, representing the traditional good family relationship of heroic father, virtuous wife and mother, and valiant son. The relationship between Odysseus and Panieropa also reflects a stable love relationship. Thirdly, the male perspective in Odyssey, the creator of Homer epic is male, and the patriarchal background of the whole ancient Greek patriarchal society provides a sufficient guarantee for the male perspective of the epic. This article begins with the connection between modern western literature and art and Homer's epic Odyssey, and analyzes how the former is related to the latter. The reconstruction of Homer epic in modern western literature is mainly embodied in three aspects: one is that the content is derived directly from Homer epic, the other is borrowing the main characters of Homer epic. The third is to apply the narrative mode of Odyssey. The appearance of the image motif "Odyssey" in modern western literature and art mainly shows the difference in Homer epic. This part of the corresponding summary of Homer epic theme, mainly reflected in three aspects. First, in the modern era after the 20th century, there is a kind of heroism in the west, which is in contrast to the surge of heroism in Homer epic Odyssey. Second, the traditional ethical consciousness in modern society is no longer firm, so the family relationship and love relationship under the patriarchal system of Middle Greece are no longer in a stable position. Thirdly, the rise of western feminism has led to the germination of gender consciousness in the field of thought and literature and the struggle of women for the right to speak. In some works of feminist writers, Odyssey, the consciousness of masculinity, has been deconstructed to some extent. This paper focuses on the three aspects of the western modern literature and art about the works of Odyssey in-depth and detailed interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I106

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