走出工业文明的困境—劳伦斯三部短篇小说中的原始主义思想

发布时间：2018-08-09 18:32

【摘要】：作为英国二十世纪初最重要的作家之一,同时也是最富有争议的作家,戴·赫·劳伦斯(1885-1930)是一位多面手：小说家、诗人、散文家、戏剧家、评论家、翻译家和画家。对两性关系的探讨,对资本主义工业文明压抑人性的无情批判一直是劳伦斯创作的重点。劳伦斯一直致力于激活人的肉体、本能、血性等被工业文明压抑的生命冲动。但是这样一位天才的艺术之旅却充满坎坷。劳伦斯作品颇受诟病,屡遭查禁。幸运的是,在劳伦斯死后的三十年间,评论界对他作品的评价发生了翻天覆地的变化。他的小说瞬间广为流传,成为英国乃至世界文学的宠儿。总的来说,他作为小说家的成就最大,最使人心悦诚服。但他的短篇小说却一直被忽视。而实际上,劳伦斯的短篇小说由于篇幅的限制,文章主题鲜明,冲突集中,近年来,反而被认为是劳伦斯最优秀、最出色的作品。有鉴于此,笔者跳出以往只专注于劳伦斯长篇小说和部分著名诗歌的研究,而将视线集中在了劳伦斯的短篇小说上,特别是其短篇小说表现的原始主义思想,这将有助于对劳伦斯及其短篇作品产生新的、更深的认识。本文选取了劳伦斯原始主义思想表现最为突出的三部短篇小说,《骑马出走的女人》、《公主》以及《死去的人》,通过文本细读的方式,分析其中蕴含的深刻的原始主义思想。论文一共分为五章,第一章和第五章分别为概述和总结。第一章简介原始主义思想、劳伦斯生平及遴选的三部短篇小说。提供了国内外劳伦斯小说的文献综述,并且对本论文的创新点、研究意义和整体结构进行了梳理。第五章是对整篇论文研究成果的总结。在主体部分,本文作者先对作品中蕴含的原始主义思想做出了细致的分析分类,概括出原始主义思想主要表现在以下五个方面：对旺盛生命力的呼唤、对无意识领域的凸显、对自然的回归、对神话的回归以及对原始文化的回归。随后,笔者对这种原始主义思想出现的原因进行了多方面的探究。原因主要包括个人经历、弗洛伊德理论对他的影响和社会原因以及田园传统三个方面。个人原因包括劳伦斯与父母,杰西以及弗里达的关系,还有他赢弱的体质对他的影响。父母关系的失衡对劳伦斯心理的发展产生了不可磨灭的作用；同时他与杰西和弗里达的爱情对他的影响也是不可忽视的。劳伦斯从小饱受疾病的困扰,时时受到死亡的威胁,这让他感到生命的可贵,对旺盛生命力的渴求也要比健康人更加强烈。弗洛伊德的学说对他的创作思想也产生了巨大的影响。另外,作家的创作离不开大的社会背景和英国源远流长的田园传统,因此劳伦斯作品中散发的回归自然的渴望与当时迅速发展的工业社会对人性的压抑有密不可分的关系。最后,笔者试着对劳伦斯作品中浓厚的原始主义思想做辩证的一分为二的分析。将原始与现代的冲突放回到现实文明的背景中,揭示其存在的合理性和思想的局限性。劳伦斯抓住工业文明的根本缺陷——使人社会化和机械化,从原始文明中寻找生命的激情,用以对抗腐朽、衰败的西方工业文明,具有进步意义。但是劳伦斯否定了全部工业文明,并且过度强调性的主导作用,对传统婚姻道德价值观是一种挑战,有其局限性。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important writers in the early twentieth Century and the most controversial writer in the early twentieth Century, Day Beh Laurence (1885-1930) is a versatile: novelist, poet, essayist, dramatist, critic, translator and painter. The discussion of the relationship between the sexes and the merciless criticism of the capitalist industrial civilization to suppress human nature has been all the time. The focus of his creation. Laurence has been devoted to activating human body, instinct, and courage to be suppressed by industrial civilization. But the artistic journey of a genius is full of frustrations. Laurence's works are criticized and repeatedly banned. Luckily, in the thirty years after Laurence's death, the commentaries' evaluation of his works occurred. His novels are widely spread and become the favorite of English and world literature in a flash. In general, he has been the greatest and most pleasant novelist. But his short stories have been neglected. In fact, Laurence's short stories are limited by the length of the text, the theme of the article, the concentration of conflict, and the close. Over the years, it has been considered to be Laurence's best and most excellent work. In the light of this, I jump out of the previous studies that focus on Laurence's novels and some of the famous poems, and focus on Laurence's short stories, especially the primordial thought of his short stories, which will help Laurence and his short story. The article produces a new, deeper understanding.
This article selects the three most outstanding short stories of Laurence's primordial thought, "the woman riding on the horse", "the princess >" and "the dead man". Through a detailed reading of the text, it analyzes the profound primordial thought. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first chapter and the fifth chapter are summarized and summarized respectively.
The first chapter introduces the primordial thought, Laurence's life and the selection of three short stories. It provides a literature review of Laurence's novels at home and abroad, and combs the innovation point, the research significance and the overall structure of this paper. The fifth chapter is a summary of the research results of the whole paper.
In the main part, the author first makes a detailed analysis and classification of the primistal thought contained in the works, and generalizes that the primialism is mainly shown in the following five aspects: the call for vigorous vitality, the prominence of the unconscious, the return to nature, the return of the gods and the words and the return of the primitive culture.
Then, the author explores the causes of this primidial thought in many aspects. The main reasons include personal experience, Freud theory's influence on him, social reasons and pastoral traditions. Personal reasons include the relationship between Laurence and his parents, Jesse and Freda, and the shadow of his weak constitution. The unbalance of parents' relationship had an indelible effect on the development of Laurence's psychology; at the same time, his love with Jesse and Freda could not be ignored. Laurence was plagued by the disease and was threatened by death, which made him feel the value of life, and the desire for vigorous vitality was also better than health. Freud's theory has a great influence on his creative thought. In addition, the writer's creation can not be separated from the great social background and the long history of the pastoral tradition in England, so the desire to return to nature in Laurence's works is inseparable from the repression of human nature at the time of the rapid development of the industrial society. Relationship.
Finally, the author tries to make a dialectical analysis of the strong primordial thought in Laurence's works. Put the conflict of primitive and modern into the background of the realistic civilization, and reveal the rationality of the existence and the limitations of the thought. Laurence holds the fundamental lack of industrial civilization - the socialization and the mechanization, from the original text. The passion for life in the Ming Dynasty, which is used to combat decadent and decaying western industrial civilization, is of progressive significance. But Laurence denies all industrial civilization and overemphasizes the dominant role of sex, which is a challenge to the traditional moral values of marriage and has its limitations.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】