追求真我：《愤怒》的存在主义解读
发布时间：2018-09-18 11:21
【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯是美国当代最有名的犹太作家之一，被称为是“文坛活神话”。菲利普·罗斯获奖数不胜数,几乎包揽了美国国内所有文学奖项,并曾经多次获得诺贝尔文学奖的提名。他创作了的大量的文学作品,其中大部分反映了现代犹太人的生存状况。《愤怒》发表于2008年,是罗斯关注美国犹太人生存状况的最新力作之一。 《愤怒》一书中呈现出罗斯经典作品的几乎全部主题：战争、死亡、家庭、爱情、性、教育、宗教、美国梦、种族歧视等等。故事发生在二十世纪五十年代的朝鲜战争期间，讲述人是小说主人公马科斯·梅斯纳（Marcus Messner）已经临近死亡的他，借助于吗啡的刺激回忆着往事。面对社会，家庭，和个人成长中纷繁复杂的问题，主人公的愤怒情绪显露无疑，这些使他无法忍受现状而选择逃离，他选择寻找新生活，新的生存空间。尽管他处处小心谨慎，却还是接连不断地犯下了当时体制下所谓的错误，没有能够摆脱被学校开除，走上战场的危机，渐渐接近生命的终点。整部小说展现了一个普通美国人在朝鲜战争的历史背景下追求、愤怒、抗争、消亡的一生。 法国著名哲学家让·保罗·萨特的存在主义探讨的是人类的生存状况和困境，主要观点有异化、自由选择，人与人之间的关系等，因此，罗斯在小说《愤怒》中体现的思想与之恰好是吻合的。罗斯和萨特揭示在荒诞无序的世界里生存的困境，导致生存的无意义，人生充满绝望，同时也认为生存的希望是存在的，是需要不断探寻的。 这篇论文从存在主义视角解读《愤怒》,主要运用了异化、人与人关系、自由选择等存在主义理论进行分析，以主人公美国犹太人马科斯为中心，首先分析了他在生活中与自身的矛盾，揭示犹太人古老传统中的现实自我和内心自我之间的存在困境和矛盾，表现美国犹太人的困惑，孤独，焦虑；其次，分析了主人公与他人之间的矛盾，佐证了存在主义“他人即是地狱”冲突源于他人；最后，本论文阐述主人公与各种社会力量的对抗，真正的自我存在在于自由选择、反抗，探寻美国犹太人在当时生存的困境，揭开他们寻求自由、追求真我的存在意义。 基于以上文本分析，本论文尝试阐明罗斯对美国犹太人的存在主义的解读，揭示当代美国犹太人的生存困境。此外，本论文将个人境遇与社会历史背景紧密结合以呈现罗斯的艺术技巧。尤其是在战争背景下，，罗斯更关注年轻人，谴责了战争的罪恶。最后，本论文承载着罗斯不仅对犹太人的境遇，更是对人类生存状况的深切关注，体现他的犹太性的回归和人文主义精神，并希望更多的读者关注现代人的困境。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross is one of the most famous Jewish writers in contemporary America. Philip Ross has won almost every literary award in the United States, and has been nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature many times. He wrote a great deal of literature, most of which reflected the living conditions of modern Jews. Anger was published in 2008. It's one of Ross's latest efforts to focus on the survival of American Jews. Anger presents almost all of the themes of Ross's classic: war, death, family, love, sex, education, religion, the American dream. Racial discrimination, etc. The story takes place during the Korean War in the 1950s. The narrator is the hero of the novel, Marcos Messner (Marcus Messner), who is nearing death, recalling the past with the aid of morphine. In the face of the complex problems of society, family and personal growth, the anger of the protagonist is unquestionably revealed, which makes him unable to bear the status quo and choose to escape, he chooses to find a new life, a new living space. Despite his caution, he continued to make the so-called mistakes of the system at the time, unable to escape the crisis of being expelled from school and on the battlefield, and to the end of his life. The whole novel shows an ordinary American pursuing, angry, struggling and dying out in the historical background of the Korean War. The existentialism of the famous French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre discusses the living conditions and plight of human beings. The main ideas are alienation, free choice, the relationship between people, etc. Ross's thoughts in the novel anger coincide with them. Ross and Sartre reveal the dilemma of living in the absurd and disordered world, leading to the meaningless existence of life, life full of despair, but also believe that the hope of survival exists and needs to be constantly explored. This paper interprets anger from the perspective of existentialism, mainly using the existentialism theories such as alienation, relationship between people, free choice, and so on, with Marcos, the American Jew, as the center. First of all, it analyzes his contradiction with himself in life, reveals the dilemma and contradiction between the real self and inner self in the ancient Jewish tradition, and shows the confusion, loneliness and anxiety of American Jews. This paper analyzes the contradiction between the protagonist and others, and proves that the conflict of existentialism "other is hell" originates from others. Finally, this paper expounds that the real self-existence of the protagonist and various social forces lies in free choice and resistance. To explore the plight of American Jews living at that time, to uncover the meaning of their seeking for freedom and true self. Based on the above text analysis, this thesis attempts to elucidate Ross's interpretation of American Jewish existentialism and reveal the plight of contemporary American Jews. In addition, this thesis combines personal circumstances with social and historical background to present Ross's artistic skills. Especially in the context of the war, Ross paid more attention to young people and condemned the evil of war. Finally, this thesis bears Ross's deep concern not only for the situation of Jews, but also for the living conditions of human beings, which embodies his Jewish return and humanism spirit, and hopes that more readers will pay attention to the plight of modern people.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2247750
[Abstract]:Philip Ross is one of the most famous Jewish writers in contemporary America. Philip Ross has won almost every literary award in the United States, and has been nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature many times. He wrote a great deal of literature, most of which reflected the living conditions of modern Jews. Anger was published in 2008. It's one of Ross's latest efforts to focus on the survival of American Jews. Anger presents almost all of the themes of Ross's classic: war, death, family, love, sex, education, religion, the American dream. Racial discrimination, etc. The story takes place during the Korean War in the 1950s. The narrator is the hero of the novel, Marcos Messner (Marcus Messner), who is nearing death, recalling the past with the aid of morphine. In the face of the complex problems of society, family and personal growth, the anger of the protagonist is unquestionably revealed, which makes him unable to bear the status quo and choose to escape, he chooses to find a new life, a new living space. Despite his caution, he continued to make the so-called mistakes of the system at the time, unable to escape the crisis of being expelled from school and on the battlefield, and to the end of his life. The whole novel shows an ordinary American pursuing, angry, struggling and dying out in the historical background of the Korean War. The existentialism of the famous French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre discusses the living conditions and plight of human beings. The main ideas are alienation, free choice, the relationship between people, etc. Ross's thoughts in the novel anger coincide with them. Ross and Sartre reveal the dilemma of living in the absurd and disordered world, leading to the meaningless existence of life, life full of despair, but also believe that the hope of survival exists and needs to be constantly explored. This paper interprets anger from the perspective of existentialism, mainly using the existentialism theories such as alienation, relationship between people, free choice, and so on, with Marcos, the American Jew, as the center. First of all, it analyzes his contradiction with himself in life, reveals the dilemma and contradiction between the real self and inner self in the ancient Jewish tradition, and shows the confusion, loneliness and anxiety of American Jews. This paper analyzes the contradiction between the protagonist and others, and proves that the conflict of existentialism "other is hell" originates from others. Finally, this paper expounds that the real self-existence of the protagonist and various social forces lies in free choice and resistance. To explore the plight of American Jews living at that time, to uncover the meaning of their seeking for freedom and true self. Based on the above text analysis, this thesis attempts to elucidate Ross's interpretation of American Jewish existentialism and reveal the plight of contemporary American Jews. In addition, this thesis combines personal circumstances with social and historical background to present Ross's artistic skills. Especially in the context of the war, Ross paid more attention to young people and condemned the evil of war. Finally, this thesis bears Ross's deep concern not only for the situation of Jews, but also for the living conditions of human beings, which embodies his Jewish return and humanism spirit, and hopes that more readers will pay attention to the plight of modern people.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 罗小云;;沉默的悲剧:罗斯在《愤怒》中的历史重建[J];当代外国文学;2013年01期
2 李俊宇;;逃避、抗拒与毁灭——《愤怒》中的父子冲突[J];黑龙江教育学院学报;2010年03期
3 袁雪生;;身份隐喻背后的生存悖论——读菲利普·罗斯的《人性的污秽》[J];外国文学研究;2007年06期
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