布宁创作的生态诗学特征

发布时间：2018-10-05 21:43

【摘要】：伊凡·阿列克谢耶维奇·布宁是二十世纪俄罗斯现实主义文学的优秀继承者与发扬者,俄罗斯第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者。布宁一生热爱自然,并立足于自然对人类的生存进行密切关注和持续思索,对生死、爱情、回忆、家园等普世性问题展开哲理性探寻,最终形成了独具风格的诗学特征。但非常遗憾的是,长期以来,由于政治等因素的影响,对布宁的研究一直未能充分展开。苏联自文学“解冻”时期开始有关布宁的研究迅速增多；我国对布宁的研究则主要开始于改革开放之后。到目前为止,国内外有关布宁研究的文献非常丰富,关于布宁自然主题的研究也已成为其中的前沿领域。不过,从生态美学理论视角切入布宁创作的研究,除了我们的一篇初步分析外,尚未发现其它的研究。因此,以生态美学理论为基础,结合俄罗斯宗教文化传统分析布宁创作生态诗学特征的形成、发展与演变,不仅有利于布宁研究的丰富,有利于当代生态美学理论的完善,而且还有利于解决人类社会目前所面临的严峻生态危机,有利于人类与生态环境的良性和谐发展。俄罗斯得天独厚的自然条件以及早期的多神教信仰,孕育出早期俄罗斯民族对自然浓厚的依恋与敬畏心理；十九世纪中叶至二十世纪初发展而成的宇宙思潮则从世界观层面进一步强化了俄罗斯民族的“自然情结”,这些均构成了布宁创作生态诗学特征形成的俄罗斯文化基础。布宁带着对自然与生俱来的热爱走进了艺术世界,并将俄罗斯乡村自然作为作品讴歌的对象。布宁将自然与人类视为同源平等的生命,主张人与自然的融合互动；布宁还将自然视为神圣力量,自然的神性内涵对人的生命具有启示意义；布宁的自然还具有广阔的俄罗斯历史时空感,自然景色充满对民族历史的回忆,对现实生活的感伤以及俄罗斯灵魂内涵。将自然人性化、神圣化、俄罗斯化成为布宁早期创作的生态诗学特征。世纪之交的俄国社会正处于由传统的农业文明向资本主义工业文明的转型时期,社会矛盾异常尖锐。布宁以“天地神人”四方和谐的乌托邦理想为潜在标准,在对往昔农业社会留恋与追忆的同时,对俄国现实社会的贫穷落后展开了深刻揭露和无情批判,深入探究了俄国乡村(也是俄国社会的浓缩)愚昧落后、乡村贵族阶层没落消失的缘由,并超前性地开始反思人类新的文明形态——资本主义工业文明,最终倡导“人——自然——社会”的整体和谐构成布宁中期创作的生态诗学特征。移居法国之后,布宁聚焦于回忆、爱情、归家和死亡等生存普世性问题,通过人与自然的共生同行中形成健康的人格,在俄罗斯大自然中实现精神还乡,倡导人间真爱等,布宁努力探寻着人生存过程中精神生态的和谐与超越,实现对自然人性价值的固守与回归,对现代社会人性异化与分裂的拯救。从早期作品中强调人与自然的融合互动,将自然人性化、神圣化、俄罗斯化；到中期作品中人与社会和谐发展的社会生态理想的建构；再到晚期深入人类普世性的生存,探寻人类诗意的精神生态家园,实现人精神生态的和谐与超越。布宁创作生态诗学特征的变化不仅体现了布宁对人类可能生存方式的持续探寻,还反映出其生态诗学特征的不断递进与深化,最终建构起布宁丰富而完整的生态诗学体系,即自然生态、社会生态及精神生态的和谐统一
[Abstract]:Ivan Alekshevich Buen was the first Nobel Prize winner in the Russian realism literature in the 20th century. Bnin's life love nature, and based on nature's close attention and continuous reflection to human existence, to explore the life and death, love, memory, home and other universal problems, finally form a unique style poetic feature. However, it is very regrettable that, for a long time, the study of Buning has been unable to fully unfold due to factors such as politics. Soviet self-literature "Thaw" The study of Buining began to increase rapidly at the beginning of the period, and our country's research on Buining began mainly after the reform and opening-up. So far, the literature on Bunning's natural theme has been very abundant, and the research on Bunning's natural theme has also become the frontier area. From the perspective of ecological aesthetics, however, we have not yet found other studies except one of our preliminary analyses. Therefore, based on the theory of ecological aesthetics, combining with the traditional analysis of Russian religious culture, the formation, development and evolution of ecological poetics are not only conducive to the enrichment of Buen's study, but also conducive to the perfection of contemporary ecological aesthetics theory. but also is beneficial to solving the severe ecological crisis which the human society is facing at present, and is favorable for the benign and harmonious development of the human and the ecological environment. Russia's unique natural conditions and early polytheism beliefs, the early Russian national attachment and awe psychology of the early Russian nationality, the development of the mid-19th century to the beginning of the twentieth century, the universe trend of thought further strengthened Russia from the world view level The Nature of the Nation Complex ", all of which constitute the Russian culture formed by the characteristics of the ecological poetics of Buing's creation The foundation. Buing walks into the art world with a love of nature, and naturally works as a work in the Russian countryside The object of Song Dynasty is to treat nature and human as the life of homologous equality, advocate the fusion interaction between man and nature; Buing will naturally be regarded as the divine power, the natural divinity connotation has enlightenment significance to human life; Buing's nature also has a wide range of Russia. The historical and temporal sense, the natural scenery is full of memories of national history, the real life, and Russia. The connotation of the soul. It will be natural, humanize, sanctified, and Russia will become the raw material of the early creation of Buing. The Russian society at the turn of the century is in the transition period from the traditional agricultural civilization to the capitalist industrial civilization. social spear The shield is unusually sharp. On the basis of" heaven and earth man of man "four-party harmonious Utopia ideal as the potential standard, in the simultaneous love and recall of the modern agricultural society, the backward development of the Russian real society is deeply exposed and mercilessly criticized, and deeply explored the Russian countryside (also the Russian society). The reason of ignorance and backwardness, the disappearance of rural aristocracy, and the beginning of reflection of human new civilization form _ capitalism. Industrial Civilization, Final Advocacy The whole harmony of" human _ natural _ society "constitutes the medium-term creation of Buning After moving to France, Buonen focuses on the problems of survival, such as memory, love, home and death, and forms a healthy personality through the co-existence of human and nature, realizing the essence in the nature of Russia. In the spirit of God's return to the country and advocating the true love of human beings, Buing tries to explore the harmony and transcendence of spiritual ecology in the course of human existence, and realize the relaxation and return of the value of natural human nature, and to modern society. The salvation of human nature alienation and division. In the early works, the fusion interaction between man and nature will be emphasized, natural humanity, sanctification, Russia will be natural, the construction of the social ecological ideal of harmonious development between man and society in the mid-term works, and the survival of mankind in the late stage. and exploring the spiritual and ecological homeland of human poetry. In order to realize the harmony and transcendence of human spiritual ecology, the change of the characteristics of the ecological poetics of Buen's creation not only reflects the continuous exploration of the possible way of existence, but also reflects the progressive and deepening of the characteristics of its ecological poetics. The whole ecological poetics system, that is, the natural ecology
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.06

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