以斯坦贝克《人鼠之间》为例论美国自然主义文学的内涵
发布时间：2018-10-14 16:07
【摘要】：自然主义于19世纪下半叶在法国兴起,接着作为一种文学流派传播到世界各地,并且对其它国家的作家们产生了深远的影响。十九世纪末期自然主义传播到美国,并曾独领风骚。美国自然主义文学一方面深受法国自然主义的影响,另一方面又因其独特的文化背景和环境而具有其自身的特点。本文选取约翰·斯坦贝克的著作《人鼠之间》为例来分析美国自然主义文学的内涵。论文认为二十世纪三十年代美国自然主义文学作品中虽然包含着人们对未来的一丝希望,但是这点希望依然被悲观主义所笼罩和包围。生活在社会底层的人,在当时社会环境影响下,无论他们如何努力,最终依然无法逃脱失败和痛苦的命运。全文共分五个部分。 第一章主要介绍该研究的起源、文献综述及文章的结构。 第二章主要解释美国自然主义文学的内涵。首先,文章通过简要回顾美国自然主义文学产生的语境,指出美国自然主义独特的历史背景、文化环境和理论语境决定了美、法两国自然主义文学表达上存在的差异。与此同时,文章分析美国自然主义文学虽然受美国精神和浪漫主义的影响,其悲观成分有所削弱,但是仍然根深蒂固。 第三章主要分析斯坦贝克的自然主义思想内涵。他的自然主义思想受美国自然主义文学的影响,这与他自己的生活经历和当时的社会环境有关。斯坦贝克的自然主义作品中虽然包含着希望,但是其中所描述的底层人物却往往不得不面对着悲剧的结局。 第四章是对《人鼠之间》中美国自然主义思想的解读,分两个部分。第一,在社会达尔文主义的影响下,斯坦贝克强调人的活力和自由意志,同时他认为人类注定是悲惨的,是因为人受经济决定论的影响,被欲望所奴役和支配。第二,斯坦贝克深受二十世纪三十年代经济大萧条的影响,他认为人类受到强大的经济结构所限制,尤其是对于那些生活在社会底层的人,他们已为社会所抛弃,无论他们怎么奋斗,也逃脱不了失败的命运。 第五章总结全文,强调二十世纪三十年代斯坦贝克自然主义思想产生的语境以及思想本身,旨在使读者通过《人鼠之间》这部作品来理解美国二十世纪三十年代经济大萧条时期美国自然主义文学的内涵。
[Abstract]:Naturalism rose in France in the second half of the 19th century, then spread around the world as a literary school, and had a profound influence on writers in other countries. Naturalism spread to the United States in the late nineteenth century, and was the dominant. On the one hand, American naturalism is deeply influenced by French naturalism, on the other hand, it has its own characteristics because of its unique cultural background and environment. This paper takes John Steinbeck's book between Man and Rat as an example to analyze the connotation of American naturalistic literature. The paper holds that although there is a glimmer of hope for the future in the American naturalistic literature of the 1930s, this hope is still surrounded by pessimism. Under the influence of the social environment, no matter how hard they try, they can not escape the fate of failure and pain. The full text is divided into five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin of the study, literature review and the structure of the article. The second chapter mainly explains the connotation of American naturalistic literature. Firstly, by reviewing briefly the context in which American naturalism came into being, the paper points out that the unique historical background, cultural environment and theoretical context of American naturalism determine the differences between the two countries in the expression of naturalistic literature. At the same time, the article analyzes that American naturalistic literature is still deeply rooted although it is influenced by American spirit and romanticism. The third chapter mainly analyzes the connotation of Steinbeck's naturalism. His naturalistic thought is influenced by American naturalistic literature, which is related to his own life experience and the social environment at that time. Although there is hope in Steinbeck's naturalistic works, the underclass characters often have to face the tragic ending. The fourth chapter is the interpretation of American naturalism in "between Man and Mouse", which is divided into two parts. First, under the influence of social Darwinism, Steinbeck emphasizes the vitality and free will of human beings, and he thinks that human beings are doomed to be miserable because they are enslaved and dominated by desire under the influence of economic determinism. Second, Steinbeck, deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, believes that mankind is constrained by a strong economic structure, especially those who live at the bottom of society, who have been abandoned by society. No matter how hard they struggle, they can not escape the fate of failure. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole text, emphasizing the context of Steinbeck's naturalism thought and the thought itself in the 1930s. The purpose of this work is to make readers understand the connotation of American naturalistic literature during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.06
本文编号：2270956
[Abstract]:Naturalism rose in France in the second half of the 19th century, then spread around the world as a literary school, and had a profound influence on writers in other countries. Naturalism spread to the United States in the late nineteenth century, and was the dominant. On the one hand, American naturalism is deeply influenced by French naturalism, on the other hand, it has its own characteristics because of its unique cultural background and environment. This paper takes John Steinbeck's book between Man and Rat as an example to analyze the connotation of American naturalistic literature. The paper holds that although there is a glimmer of hope for the future in the American naturalistic literature of the 1930s, this hope is still surrounded by pessimism. Under the influence of the social environment, no matter how hard they try, they can not escape the fate of failure and pain. The full text is divided into five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin of the study, literature review and the structure of the article. The second chapter mainly explains the connotation of American naturalistic literature. Firstly, by reviewing briefly the context in which American naturalism came into being, the paper points out that the unique historical background, cultural environment and theoretical context of American naturalism determine the differences between the two countries in the expression of naturalistic literature. At the same time, the article analyzes that American naturalistic literature is still deeply rooted although it is influenced by American spirit and romanticism. The third chapter mainly analyzes the connotation of Steinbeck's naturalism. His naturalistic thought is influenced by American naturalistic literature, which is related to his own life experience and the social environment at that time. Although there is hope in Steinbeck's naturalistic works, the underclass characters often have to face the tragic ending. The fourth chapter is the interpretation of American naturalism in "between Man and Mouse", which is divided into two parts. First, under the influence of social Darwinism, Steinbeck emphasizes the vitality and free will of human beings, and he thinks that human beings are doomed to be miserable because they are enslaved and dominated by desire under the influence of economic determinism. Second, Steinbeck, deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, believes that mankind is constrained by a strong economic structure, especially those who live at the bottom of society, who have been abandoned by society. No matter how hard they struggle, they can not escape the fate of failure. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole text, emphasizing the context of Steinbeck's naturalism thought and the thought itself in the 1930s. The purpose of this work is to make readers understand the connotation of American naturalistic literature during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.06
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 田俊武,申美玲;目的论与非目的论——简论斯坦贝克的哲学观和创作[J];华中科技大学学报(社会科学版);2005年03期
，本文编号：2270956
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