克隆人艺术家—石黑一雄小说《千万别丢下我》的艺术隐喻
发布时间：2018-12-06 09:44
【摘要】：石黑一雄的第六部小说《千万别丢下我》,作为其“国际视野”的作品之一描述了作为捐献者的克隆人的悲剧一生。在对该小说进行解读批评中的,无论是国内还是国外,将其作为科幻小说和对其进行伦理批评,都是两大流行趋势,且其主要论点都集中在对克隆技术和道德人伦的冲突之上。本文避开这两大流行趋势,着眼于“艺术”这一元素在小说中的作用,探究小说主人公除开“克隆人”这一特别身份之外的另一重身份：艺术家,并挖掘在艺术家身份和艺术的作用之下,小说所想表达的隐喻性主题。小说的艺术元素和隐喻寓意,在国外许多批评中曾经出现过,但都只是略略涉及,未曾加以深入研究,并且也未曾有批评将艺术和隐喻两大元素结合,来对小说进行解读。在隐喻意义上解读小说,则克隆人群体其实是人类的喻体,而主人公则是人类社会中的艺术家的喻体。作为艺术家,主人公是作为族群的代言人出现,他们的艺术家身份使得他们有着别于其他成员的能力和使命。他们的艺术作品,作为集体无意识的反射物,反映了族群的意识形态。但是,他们的艺术创作时时受到各种外界的压迫和干扰。他们不仅在艺术创作上,而且在生活中,都挣扎在本真状态和非本真状态之间,这构成了他们生活中无可避免的荒谬的根源。小说的三个主人公：凯茜、汤米和露丝,作为在艺术学校黑尔舍姆毕业的艺术学生代表,分别表现了三类艺术家的人生。其中露丝是沉沦于“被抛”状态的非本真自我的代表；汤米则是相比而言最能保持本真自我的艺术家,更是因为在艺术创作上的保持本真自我而受到了歧视和压迫；而凯茜则介于两者之间,在精神世界中,她常常着异于非本真这一常状态的想法,但在行动中却又受到非本真状态的控制,因而显得个性软弱。因而,以汤米为代表的真正的艺术家,成为整个族群对抗荒谬的先锋；艺术,就如加缪定义的一半成为他们革命的武器,而他们所为之奋斗的“延迟捐献”的目标,则象征着人类永远的追求：自由。小说最后,虽然艺术家们未能实现“延迟捐献”的梦想,但这并不表示人类对抗荒谬的失败。相反的,整部小说可以看做是整个族群的一个特定历史阶段,在这个阶段,族群成员的的先锋人物开始意识到荒谬的存在,为了战胜荒谬而做出努力；同时,也预示着整个族群的觉醒和最终彻底革命的到来。而艺术家,也代表着社会中为了摆脱荒谬境地,实现整个人类的进步,而承受压力,做出努力与牺牲的思想先锋。
[Abstract]:Ishihiro's sixth novel Don't leave me, as one of his works in International Vision, describes the tragic life of a cloned human being as a donor. In the interpretation and criticism of the novel, whether at home or abroad, it is two popular trends to regard it as science fiction and to criticize it ethically, and its main arguments are all focused on the conflict between cloning technology and moral human relations. Avoiding these two popular trends and focusing on the role of the element of "art" in the novel, this paper explores another important identity of the protagonist in addition to the special identity of "human cloning": the artist. It also explores the metaphorical themes that the novel intends to express under the influence of artist identity and art. The artistic elements and metaphorical implication of the novel have appeared in many foreign criticism, but they are only slightly involved, and have not been studied in depth, nor have there been any criticism to interpret the novel by combining the artistic elements with the metaphorical elements. To interpret novels in metaphorical sense, human cloning is actually a vehicle of human beings, and the protagonist is a vehicle of artists in human society. As artists, protagonists appear as spokesmen of ethnic groups, and their identity as artists makes them different from other members of the ability and mission. Their works of art, as a reflection of the collective unconscious, reflect the ideology of the ethnic group. However, their artistic creation is always oppressed and interfered by various kinds of external factors. Not only in their artistic creation, but also in their life, they are struggling between the original state and the non-real state, which constitutes the inevitable source of absurdity in their life. The three protagonists of the novel, Cathy, Tommy and Ruth, represent the life of three types of artists as representatives of the art students who graduated from Hillsheim at the Art School. Ruth is the representative of the non-true self, which is sunk in the state of being thrown away; Tommy is the artist who can keep the true self most, and is discriminated against and oppressed for keeping true self in the artistic creation; In the spiritual world, Cathy is often different from the idea of the normal state of non-truth, but she is controlled by the non-real state in action, so she appears to be weak in personality. Thus, the true artist, represented by Tommy, became the vanguard of the whole race against absurdity; Art, like half of Camus's definition, became their revolutionary weapon, and their goal of "delayed donation" symbolized humanity's eternal quest for freedom. At the end of the novel, although artists fail to realize their dream of "delayed donation", this does not mean that humans are fighting absurd failures. On the contrary, the whole novel can be seen as a specific historical stage of the whole ethnic group, in which the pioneers of the members of the ethnic group begin to realize the existence of absurdity and make efforts to overcome the absurdity. At the same time, it also foreshadowed the awakening of the whole ethnic group and the arrival of the ultimate radical revolution. The artists also represent the vanguard of the thought of hard work and sacrifice in order to get rid of the absurd situation and realize the progress of the whole human being.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2365841
[Abstract]:Ishihiro's sixth novel Don't leave me, as one of his works in International Vision, describes the tragic life of a cloned human being as a donor. In the interpretation and criticism of the novel, whether at home or abroad, it is two popular trends to regard it as science fiction and to criticize it ethically, and its main arguments are all focused on the conflict between cloning technology and moral human relations. Avoiding these two popular trends and focusing on the role of the element of "art" in the novel, this paper explores another important identity of the protagonist in addition to the special identity of "human cloning": the artist. It also explores the metaphorical themes that the novel intends to express under the influence of artist identity and art. The artistic elements and metaphorical implication of the novel have appeared in many foreign criticism, but they are only slightly involved, and have not been studied in depth, nor have there been any criticism to interpret the novel by combining the artistic elements with the metaphorical elements. To interpret novels in metaphorical sense, human cloning is actually a vehicle of human beings, and the protagonist is a vehicle of artists in human society. As artists, protagonists appear as spokesmen of ethnic groups, and their identity as artists makes them different from other members of the ability and mission. Their works of art, as a reflection of the collective unconscious, reflect the ideology of the ethnic group. However, their artistic creation is always oppressed and interfered by various kinds of external factors. Not only in their artistic creation, but also in their life, they are struggling between the original state and the non-real state, which constitutes the inevitable source of absurdity in their life. The three protagonists of the novel, Cathy, Tommy and Ruth, represent the life of three types of artists as representatives of the art students who graduated from Hillsheim at the Art School. Ruth is the representative of the non-true self, which is sunk in the state of being thrown away; Tommy is the artist who can keep the true self most, and is discriminated against and oppressed for keeping true self in the artistic creation; In the spiritual world, Cathy is often different from the idea of the normal state of non-truth, but she is controlled by the non-real state in action, so she appears to be weak in personality. Thus, the true artist, represented by Tommy, became the vanguard of the whole race against absurdity; Art, like half of Camus's definition, became their revolutionary weapon, and their goal of "delayed donation" symbolized humanity's eternal quest for freedom. At the end of the novel, although artists fail to realize their dream of "delayed donation", this does not mean that humans are fighting absurd failures. On the contrary, the whole novel can be seen as a specific historical stage of the whole ethnic group, in which the pioneers of the members of the ethnic group begin to realize the existence of absurdity and make efforts to overcome the absurdity. At the same time, it also foreshadowed the awakening of the whole ethnic group and the arrival of the ultimate radical revolution. The artists also represent the vanguard of the thought of hard work and sacrifice in order to get rid of the absurd situation and realize the progress of the whole human being.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
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