波伏瓦在中国的接受

发布时间：2018-12-21 15:38

【摘要】：20世纪80年代起至今，波伏瓦的作品及生活方式深刻地影响了中国女性主义文学创作与批评、女性学研究及社会生活，研究波伏瓦在中国的接受对当代女性主义文学及社会实践有重要的启示意义。 “波伏瓦在中国的接受”选题的选定与研究史梳理，包括国内外研究现状述评、选题的创新性和价值、研究范围与内容等。中国对波伏瓦的译介始于1981年，期间经历80年代兴起的存在主义热潮、1986年波伏瓦的逝世、1995年第四届世界妇女大会、2008年波伏瓦百年诞辰，在时代需求的推动下，译介工作经历了起步、发展和小高潮三个阶段后初具规模，但也存在不少问题。以《第二性》的翻译为例，译入时间晚，且因多为转译、节译和改译而与原著偏离，这种翻译状况主要跟译者的素质与兴趣；出版者的选择标准和中国文化语境有关。波伏瓦在中国接受中的主要身份有女权主义斗士、萨特的忠实伴侣、存在主义作家和美国情人的“小女人”，这些身份被接受的背后蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵。波伏瓦对中国当代女作家的女性意识、创作观念、作品主题、文学批评观念以及生活方式产生了直接影响。中国当代最负盛名的女诗人翟永明认为性别社会建构理论对女艺术家意义重大；她继承了波伏瓦的艺术价值评判标准和创作观念，并有所发展和超越；她的诗歌主题受到了母亲神话祛魅的影响。少数民族作家赵玫关注波伏瓦作为知识女性的角色及与萨特的关系，她对波伏瓦的阐释反映了当代知识女性的角色困惑。波伏瓦影响了中国的女性主义批评和女性学的发展。我国妇女学学科奠基人李小江对波伏瓦的学说既有接受亦有批判，她修正了波伏瓦的“社会性别”理论，强调妇女解放与社会变革、女性解放与生育间的辩证关系，她的学术观点深受波伏瓦性别社会建构理论的影响。中国大陆第三代女学人荒林认为波伏瓦的生活方式提供了两性关系的新范式，，她批判性地继承了波伏瓦的性别社会建构理论和反对女性母性化的观念，并将之本土化以促进中国合理性别文化的建构进程。法国文学研究专家对波伏瓦的评价在总体上代表了中国对波伏瓦的评价与定位，并具有舆论导向性。柳鸣九认为波伏瓦的作品具有极高的史料价值，她通过作品完成了反抗传统、追求自由的自我形象的建构，但在与萨特的关系中处于从属地位。柳鸣九的观点具有重要的参考价值，但也受到了男性中心思维的局限。郑克鲁从法语原著译出了《第二性》第一个中文全译本，对波伏瓦在中国的传播和研究有着重大的价值和意义；他对波伏瓦作品的思想意义与文学成就的评价颇有见地，但同时也存在一些男性化误读。
[Abstract]:From the 1980s to the present, Beaufort's works and lifestyle have deeply influenced the Chinese feminist literary creation and criticism, the study of feminism and the social life. The study of Popovar's acceptance in China has important implications for contemporary feminist literature and social practice. The selection and research history of the subject selection of Beaufort's acceptance in China includes a review of the current research situation at home and abroad, the innovation and value of the topic, the scope and content of the research, etc. China's translation of Bovvwa began in 1981, during which it experienced an existentialist upsurge in the 1980s, the death of Bovova in 1986, the fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, and the centenary of Bovola's birth in 2008, driven by the needs of the times. Translation and introduction work has experienced three stages: starting, development and small orgasm, but there are many problems. Taking the translation of "second sex" as an example, the translation is late and deviates from the original because it is mostly translated, and modified, which is mainly related to the quality and interest of the translator, and the choice criteria of the publisher is related to the Chinese cultural context. The main identities of Popovar in China include feminist fighter, faithful partner of Sartre, existentialist writer and "little woman" of American lover, which contain rich cultural connotations behind the acceptance of these identities. Popovar has a direct influence on the female consciousness, creation concept, theme, literary criticism and life style of contemporary Chinese women writers. Zhai Yongming, the most famous contemporary female poet in China, holds that the theory of social construction of gender is of great significance to female artists, and she inherits Bovova's criteria of artistic value and creative ideas, and develops and surmounts it to some extent. The theme of her poetry is influenced by the disenchantment of mother's myth. Zhao Mei, a writer of minority nationality, pays close attention to the role of Bovova as a intellectual woman and her relationship with Sartre. Her interpretation of Bovova reflects the puzzlement of the role of contemporary intellectual woman. Popovar influenced the development of feminist criticism and feminism in China. Li Xiaojiang, founder of Chinese women's studies, has both accepted and criticized Bovova's theory. She has revised Bovova's "gender" theory, emphasizing the dialectical relationship between women's liberation and social change, and between women's liberation and fertility. Her academic views are deeply influenced by Beaufort's theory of gender social construction. The third-generation female scholar in mainland China, the wasteland, believes that Bovova's lifestyle provides a new paradigm for gender relations, and she critically inherits Bovwa's theory of gender social construction and her opposition to the concept of motherhood. And localization to promote the construction process of Chinese reasonable gender culture. On the whole, the French literature experts' evaluation of Bovowa represents China's evaluation and orientation of Bovowa, and has a public opinion orientation. Liu Mingjiu thinks that Bovova's works have very high historical value. Through her works, she has completed the construction of self-image of resisting tradition and pursuing freedom, but she is in a subordinate position in the relationship with Sartre. Liu Mingjiu's view has important reference value, but also has been limited by the male center thought. Zheng Kelu translated the first Chinese full translation of the second Sex from the original French book, which is of great value and significance to the dissemination and study of Beauvolva in China. His comments on the ideological significance and literary achievements of Bovova's works are quite insightful, but at the same time, there are some masculine misinterpretations.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I565.06

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