论卡佛作品中的“睡眠”意象

发布时间：2019-01-02 10:09

【摘要】：雷蒙德·卡佛是二十世纪美国最有影响的短篇小说家之一,擅长写中下层蓝领工人的普通生活。本文将从昏睡与打盹、失眠、做梦这三个与睡眠相关的意象入手,对卡佛的作品进行解读,揭示卡佛如何通过睡眠来表现笔下人物的生存状态,他们的孤独和无助、焦虑和惶惑,以及在描写睡眠的过程中所运用的艺术表现手法。本文主要分为四章：第一章分析了《软座包厢》和《保鲜》两个短篇中的“昏睡与打盹”意象。卡佛在小说中刻画了一种昏睡、不愿清醒的人。他们面对残酷的现实,失去了斗志,变得绝望。他们选择自我封闭,不与外界沟通,最终陷入浑浑噩噩的昏睡状态。“睡眠”不仅是人物隔绝自我与外界的一道“屏障”,也是人物逐渐丧失自我个性的一个过程,从中折射出了人物的生活态度。第二章展示了《学生的妻子》和《牛肚汤》这两个短篇中对“失眠”意象的运用。卡佛笔下有一类睡不着的人,他们由于生活或感情的问题而苦闷,可苦于无人倾诉、沟通,精神濒临崩溃,直至失眠。“睡眠”是有序的生活的一部分,而“失眠”则是表征了生活的无序和不适,但在这种体验中,人物可以保持着“清醒”,而不是睡眠中无知无觉、无所作为的状态,最终可以有所洞见、获得顿悟。第三章通过《大象》和《柴火》两个短篇解读其中“梦”的意象。卡佛笔下人物无论做的是噩梦还是好梦,大多被惊醒,且醒来后的生活更无奈。这契合了卡佛对“梦”的定义：梦,就是从中惊醒过来的东西。这样的梦揭示了物质的枯竭贫瘠,更揭示了人生的无意义与梦想的无法实现。第四章考察了卡佛创作的时代背景,他关于“睡眠”的作品中对当时美国社会问题的反映,以及他的创作对其他作家产生的影响。
[Abstract]:Raymond Carver is one of the most influential short story writers in America in the 20 th century, specializing in writing about the average life of middle-and lower-class blue-collar workers. This article will start with three images related to sleep, such as drowsiness and napping, insomnia and dreaming, and interpret Carver's works to reveal how Carver expresses the living state, loneliness and helplessness of the characters in his works through sleep. Anxiety and confusion, as well as the art of expression used in the description of sleep. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter analyzes the images of "drowsiness and napping" in "soft Box" and "Fresh-keeping". In the novel, Carver portrays a kind of drowsy, reluctant person. Facing the cruel reality, they lost their fighting spirit and became desperate. They choose to shut themselves up, do not communicate with the outside world, and eventually fall into a muddled state of sleep. "Sleep" is not only a barrier for the characters to isolate themselves from the outside world, but also a process in which the characters gradually lose their personality, which reflects the life attitude of the characters. The second chapter shows the use of the image of insomnia in the "wife of the student" and "belly soup". Carver wrote about a class of sleepless people who suffer from life or emotional problems, who suffer from no one to talk to, communicate, and whose spirits are on the verge of collapse until they lose sleep. "Sleep" is a part of an orderly life, while "insomnia" is a sign of disorder and discomfort in life, but in this experience, characters can keep "awake" rather than the state of ignorance and inaction in sleep. In the end, you can have insight and get an epiphany. The third chapter interprets the image of dream through elephant and firewood. Whether it is a nightmare or a good dream, most of Carver's characters are awakened and the life after waking up is more helpless. This fits in with Carver's definition of "dream": a dream is something that awakens from it. Such dreams reveal the depletion of material, but also reveal the meaningless life and dream can not be realized. The fourth chapter examines the background of Carver's creation, the reflection of his works on Sleep to the social problems of the United States at that time, and the influence of his works on other writers.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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