非裔美国人身份的失落与重建—对《所罗门之歌》中梅肯家族的后殖民解读

发布时间：2019-01-02 14:58

【摘要】：托妮·莫里森(1931-)是美国后现代作家的代表人物，也是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国黑人女作家。她的作品既展示了白人和黑人都不想面对的那段过去，又跳脱出以往黑人小说的传统框架，在一个更为深刻和广泛的层面上去探讨黑人的精神和身份重建等问题。《所罗门之歌》（1977）是她的第三部小说，在写作风格和内容上相比前两部更为成熟。历来对此小说的探讨大多从黑人文化、传统、女性主义等角度着手，完全用后殖民理论分析的研究较为少见。此篇论文旨在运用法农的后殖民心理分析法揭示出《所罗门之歌》中梅肯家族四代之间的精神变迁以及非裔美国人所需要在种族、个体以及文化身份方面做的努力，从而真正地走出自我殖民，获得精神上的完全解放。本文共分为三个部分。第一部分为“引论”，简要介绍托妮·莫里森的生平和文学成就以及她的个人经历对其创作理念和艺术观的影响，介绍了《所罗门之歌》的故事梗概，，回顾了国内外关于该部作品的批评现状。第一章至第五章为本文的主要部分。第一章简要介绍后殖民理论体系并重点阐释法农提出的自我殖民情结。托妮·莫里森同时代黑人悲惨的社会现状和《所罗门之歌》中的黑人精神肉体双重的受虐都蕴含了深刻的后殖民意识，只有通过解殖民才能真正祛除这些阴影。第二章选取梅肯家族的前三代的事例来论证黑人的自我殖民意识。在后殖民时期，殖民地的人民虽然获得了身体上的解放，但是在心理上还是留下了殖民的阴影。第三章、第四章和第五章分别从种族身份、个体身份和文化身份三个方面分别展开论述，并选取梅肯家族的后两代命运印证黑人解殖民所需要付出的努力。基于对梅肯家族不同代之间迥异的命运分析，得出全文的“结论”部分。梅肯家族的不同代之间之所以有如此不同的命运是因为后两代认清了自己的种族身份和在黑人社区中的身份，并重拾了非洲的古老文化传统。只有在这几个方面重新构建黑人的身份，黑人才能达到真正的解殖民，从而完全摆脱“自我殖民”的困扰。
[Abstract]:Toni Morrison (1931 -) is a representative of postmodern American writers and the first black American writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Her work not only shows the part of the past that whites and blacks do not want to face, but also jumps out of the traditional framework of black novels. The Song of Solomon (1977) is her third novel, which is more mature in writing style and content than in the first two novels. The study of this novel is mostly from the perspectives of black culture, tradition and feminism. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the changes in the spirit of the Macon family between four generations and the efforts of African Americans in race, individual and cultural identity in Song of Solomon, using Farnon's post-colonial psychological analysis. In order to truly get out of self-colonization, the spirit of complete liberation. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is an introduction, which briefly introduces Toni Morrison's life and literary achievements as well as the influence of her personal experience on her creative ideas and artistic outlook, and introduces the outline of the story of Song of Solomon. This paper reviews the current situation of criticism of this work at home and abroad. The first to fifth chapters are the main part of this paper. The first chapter briefly introduces the post-colonial theory system and explains the self-colonial complex put forward by Farnon. The tragic social situation of Toni Morrison's contemporary black people and the double mistreatment of the black spirit and body in Song of Solomon all contain profound post-colonial consciousness, and only through decolonization can these shadows be really removed. Chapter two selects the first three generations of the Macon family to demonstrate the black self-colonization consciousness. In the post-colonial period, although the colonial people were physically liberated, they left the shadow of colonization psychologically. The third chapter, the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter discuss respectively from the racial identity, the individual identity and the cultural identity, and selects the next two generations of fate of the Macon family to prove the efforts of the black people to solve the colonization. Based on the analysis of the fate of different generations of the Macon family, the conclusion is drawn. The different generations of the Macon family had such different destinies because the latter two generations recognized their racial identity and identity in the black community and regained the ancient African cultural traditions. Only by reconstructing the black identity in these aspects, can the black people truly decolonize and get rid of the "self-colonization" completely.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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