“后理论时代”的理论风云:走向后人文主义

发布时间：2019-03-06 18:39

【摘要】：针对当今东西方文学理论界流行的一些悲观论点,本文作者认为,虽然文学和文化理论的"黄金时代"已经过去,但理论本身并没有死亡。我们正处于一个"后理论时代",在这样一个时代,理论的功能再也不像以往那样无所不能和无所不在,而是有了一定的限制。所谓"后人文主义"理论思潮近十多年来在西方世界的兴起就说明,不仅理论本身的功能有其局限,就是生产出这些理论的人的作用也有着一定的局限。后人文主义旨在表明,在当今时代,人类和那些同样有生命的动物和植物一样,只是自然界万物中的一种,他的生存和发展在很大程度上也受制于自然规律。看不到这一点就不能合理有效地发展人类自身。后人文主义是伴随着人文主义的危机而来的,它意味着过分强调人的作用的人文主义时期已经终结,人类已经进入了一个"后人类"阶段。在这样一个"后人类"阶段,人类并非宇宙中唯一的具有理性的生物,甚至在地球上也不是各种物种之首领,只是人类的进化程度最高,因而最带有理性的特征。此外,人类也最具有想象力,他可以创造各种奇迹,甚至创造出连自己也无法驾驭的东西。后人文主义的出现在某种程度上也表明了文学理论在未来的一个发展方向。
[Abstract]:In view of some pessimistic arguments popular in the literary theory of the East and the West, the author holds that although the "golden age" of literary and cultural theories has passed, the theory itself has not died. We are in a post-theoretical era, in which the function of theory is no longer omnipotent and omnipresent as it used to be, but limited. The rise of the so-called "post-humanism" theory in the western world in recent ten years shows that not only the function of the theory itself has its limitations, but also the role of the people who produce these theories has some limitations. The purpose of post-humanism is to show that, in modern times, human beings, like animals and plants with the same life, are only one of the things in nature, and their survival and development are to a large extent restricted by the laws of nature. Without this, we cannot reasonably and effectively develop ourselves. Post-humanism is accompanied by the crisis of humanism, which means that the period of humanism, which overemphasizes the role of human beings, has come to an end, and human beings have entered a post-human stage. In such a "post-human" stage, man is not the only rational creature in the universe, even on earth, not the leader of all kinds of species, but the highest degree of human evolution, and therefore the most rational characteristics. In addition, man is the most imaginative. He can create miracles, even things that he can't handle. The appearance of post-humanism also indicates the development direction of literary theory in the future.
【作者单位】：清华大学外国语言文学系;
【分类号】：I106

【共引文献】