论《海豹女人》中的象征艺术

发布时间：2019-03-31 20:02

【摘要】：贝弗利法默（Beverley Farmer，1941-）是澳大利亚著名女作家，出版了多部长篇小说，短篇小说和非小说类作品，并获得了众多奖项，一直吸引着读者和众多评论者的目光。法默创作的旺盛期正是西方女权主义浪潮高涨的时期，因此她的作品也或多或少的反映了那个时代的女性对平等、独立的追求，揭露了受到父权制压迫、处于社会底层的女性的生活状态，以及女性面对男权压迫的不同反应：积极反抗或被动接受。基于切身经历，她小说的主题基本上是不同文化间的互动和冲突，女性的孤独，男性的家庭暴力，和人与人之间的疏离。法默小说中的女主人公面对危机时更多的是被动地接受，而非主动地去抗争；面对男性暴力时不会积极地反抗，而是“退回到代表‘女性’空间的母亲、自然、疯狂和死亡之中”。因此，女性角色的被动性是法默小说一个有趣而充满争议的特点。 1992年，法默发表了长篇小说《海豹女人》，讲述了一位有着跨国婚姻的女性在丈夫遇难后追寻自我的过程，以及这个过程中不同文化间的冲突和融合。丹麦姑娘达格玛（Dagmar）嫁给了澳大利亚丈夫费恩，在丈夫死于海上事故后，她来到澳大利亚追忆心爱的丈夫。法默采用海豹女人的传说作为象征，阐释达格玛痛失爱人、陷于陌生文化、进退两难的生活经历以及内心的孤独感受。失去了海豹皮的海豹女人回不了大海，失去了丈夫的达格玛也难以融入澳大利亚生活。尽管达格玛与另一位男子产生了新的爱情，，她还是在陌生的环境中尝尽孤独和疏离的痛苦，最后回到了丹麦自己的故乡。小说内充满了神话、比喻和各种象征，并借助象征突出和深化了主题。象征主义是现代主义文学中形成最早、时间最长和影响最大的文学流派。它力图把握文学的特征，努力探求主客观之间的契合点，因而，“通感”便成了象征主义的理论基石。象征主义者在题材上侧重描写个人幻影和内心感受，在艺术方法上否定空泛的修辞和生硬的说教，强调用有质感的形象和暗示、烘托、对比、联想的方法来创作。本论文正是运用象征主义文学理论来分析法默创造中的艺术手法和作品中丰富的象征对主题的烘托。论文首先介绍了研究的目的和意义，《海豹女人》故事梗概与目前研究现状。接着介绍研究的理论支撑：象征主义理论的概念及其产生根源，它的国内外研究现状，并区分了象征主义手法与象征手法的异同。然后分三个方面讨论小说中的象征意象。首先是神话传说：海豹女人和塞缪尔泰勒的象征意义。达格玛的经历与海豹女人的悲剧极其相似，而失去爱情的人生与塞缪尔泰勒相同，终日生活在阴影下得不到解脱。其次是大海、房屋、沼泽地和灯塔四个景物象征。用大海表示生命之源和男女爱情，房屋表示父权社会对女性的限制，沼泽地表示进退维谷的纠结状态，灯塔表示模糊的希望。第三是海豹、蜘蛛和猫咪三个动物象征。海豹象征达格玛生活的艰难，蜘蛛象征达格玛不能走出丈夫离去的阴影，猫咪凸显了达格玛的孤独。最后是对全篇论文的总结：法默用大量的意象构筑了一个有形有色、生动形象的象征世界,这个世界呈现出巨大的包容性和多义性,是连接物质世界和精神世界的桥梁。通过对小说里象征主义艺术手法的分析,读者可以更深刻地理解法默的创造理念，严密的整体叙事结构，缜密的构思和丰富的想象力，从而理解小说人物的内心世界。
[Abstract]:Beverly Farmer (1941-), a well-known Australian woman writer, has published many novel, short stories and non-fiction, and has won numerous awards and has been drawing attention to the reader and many of the critics. It is the period of the rising of the western feminist wave, and therefore, her work more or less reflects the women's equal and independent pursuit of the time, and reveals the state of life of the women under the oppression of the patriarchy and the bottom of the society. And the different reactions of women facing the oppression of men's rights: positive resistance or passive acceptance. Based on the experience of the body, the theme of her novel is basically the interaction and conflict between different cultures, the loneliness of the female, the domestic violence of the man, and the alienation between the person and the person. The protagonist in the Farmer's novel is more passive in the face of the crisis, rather than an active way to fight; it is a "To return to the mother, nature, madness, and death that represents the female's space." to face the male violence and not to resist actively. Therefore, the passivity of the female role is an interesting and controversial feature of the Farmer novel. In 1992, Farmer published a novel "seal woman", telling a woman with a cross-border marriage pursuing a process of self-discovery after her husband's death, as well as the clash and melting of different cultures in the process Dagmar, a Danish girl, married her husband, Fane, who came to Australia after her husband died of an accident at sea. By using the legend of a seal woman as a symbol, it explains that Dagga's loss of love, a strange culture, a dilemma and a sense of guilt. A seal woman who has lost the seal's skin can't return to the sea, and her husband's Dachma won't be able to integrate into Australia. Live. Even though Dagga had a new love with another man, she tasted the pain of loneliness and alienation in a strange environment, and finally returned to Denmark's own. The novel is full of mythologies, metaphors and symbols, and by means of a symbol that highlights and deepens the Lord. It is the earliest, longest and most influential text in the literature of modernism. It tries to grasp the characteristics of literature and try to find the point between the main and the objective. Therefore, the "sense of general" is the reason of the symbolism. On the basis of the foundation, the symbolist focuses on the description of the personal phantom and the inner feelings, and denies the rhetoric and the hard sermon in the art method, and emphasizes the method of using the textured image and the hint, the baking, the contrast and the association. The thesis is to use the literary theory of symbolism to analyze the artistic methods and the rich symbols in the work. The paper first introduces the purpose and significance of the research. The present situation of the former research is introduced. Then the theoretical support of the research is introduced: the concept of the theory of symbolism and its origin, the present situation of domestic and foreign research, and the distinction between the symbolism and the symbol. The similarities and differences of the methods. Then, three aspects of the novel are discussed. The symbol of the symbol. The first is the myth: the seal woman and the Samuel Taylor. The symbolism of Dammar's experience is very similar to the tragedy of the seal woman, and the life of losing love is the same as that of Samuel Taylor, living under the shadow all day long. No relief. The second is the sea, the house, the marshes and the lighthouse. A symbol of a scene. The sea represents the source of life and the love of men and women. The house represents the limits of the patriarchal society to women, and the marshes represent the tangled state of the dilemma and the lighthouse. Fuzzying hope. The third is the seal, the spider and the cat. A symbol of an animal. The seal is a symbol of the difficult life of Dachma, and the spider is a symbol of the shadow of Dachma's departure from her husband, and the cat highlights. Gama's loneliness. In the end, it is a summary of the whole paper: the great image of the method constructs a tangible, colorful and vivid symbol of the world, the world presents great inclusiveness and ambiguity, and is the world and spirit of the connecting material The bridge of the world. Through the analysis of the art of the symbolism in the novel, the reader can more deeply explain the creation idea, the strict overall narrative structure, the thought of the secret and the rich imagination, and thus understand the novel characters.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I611.074

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