论迪伦马特创作的悲喜剧风格

发布时间：2019-04-13 09:16

【摘要】：迪伦马特是悲喜剧创作的代表作家之一,其独特的悲喜剧风格是本文的主题。本文主要通过对迪伦马特戏剧创作及戏剧理论的分析,阐明其悲喜剧风格的具体内涵,并将迪伦马特与其他西方传统喜剧作家、荒诞派等比较,揭示其悲喜剧风格的独特性。本文第一部分阐述迪伦马特的悲喜剧观。迪伦马特认为戏剧是通过舞台表现、被观众观看的关于人的故事。他不仅强调戏剧的虚构性,而且对现实颇为关注。他认为这个时代混乱而模糊不清,只有具体而生动的喜剧会让我们看清这个世界,而悲剧性因素也可以通过喜剧表现出来,这就是悲喜剧。悲喜剧的形式是符合时代特征的,是对传统悲剧与喜剧的提升。本文第二部分分析迪伦马特的戏剧形式。他追求“这个舞台的各种表现可能性”,由此形成其戏剧的丰富性和多义性。为了吸引观众,迪伦马特还追求戏剧的直接和感性。迪伦马特认为戏剧的虚构性越强,故事背景越需细致,这是源于戏剧直接和感性的要求。迪伦马特戏剧的直接性不仅表现在其结构、主题、人物立场和情感的明晰上,更表现在他对形而上问题如死亡、绝望、正义等的直接探讨。其戏剧的丰富性与多义性源于他对戏剧实验性的追求。其次,迪伦马特总是保持戏剧的开放和包容,不拘一格且充满想象力,以不同的戏剧形态表现不同的事物,更有力地表现这个混乱复杂的世界。本文第三部分分析迪伦马特的戏剧语言。迪伦马特重视语言,其简洁有力的语言同时又具有丰富与夸张的特征。其语言不仅对人物心理、角色的塑造起到了很重要的作用,还与其戏剧风格有很大关联。迪伦马特对戏剧语言的重视源于他对观众的重视和对人性的描写。真实与夸张语言的交织也使得其戏剧显得“怪诞”。本文第四部分分析迪伦马特创作的独特性。首先,深沉而悲伤的幽默是迪伦马特创作的最大特色,这是一种怪诞、夸张而饱含强烈情感的幽默。他的幽默感是困苦的、辛辣的和揭露的,是一种饱含生机的滑稽。这源于他对这个令人绝望的世界的极度关注,因而其戏剧内涵是深沉的、悲伤的,但是又透露出一丝希望。其次,不同于荒诞派的彻底否定与虚无,迪伦马特戏剧的独特性源于他对于世界的认知徘徊于绝望与希望之间,而且正因为他对人与世界的这种时而绝望、时而希望的游移,在理性与情感之间的变换,使得其悲喜剧浓墨重彩、情感炽热丰富、厚重深沉。总之,迪伦马特的悲喜剧风格是极具有特色的,其艺术形式上的开放性与不拘一格,其对于现实的关注与表现,充满想象力和对夸张的极致运用,同时追求对于真情实感的描写,从而形成了他的怪诞和悲喜交融的艺术风格。
[Abstract]:Durrenmatt is one of the representative writers of tragic comedy creation, whose unique tragic comedy style is the theme of this paper. Through the analysis of Durrenmatt's drama creation and drama theory, this paper expounds the concrete connotation of Durrenmatt's tragic comedy style, and reveals the uniqueness of Durrenmatt's tragic comedy style by comparing Durrenmatt with other western traditional comedy writers and absurdists. The first part of this paper expounds Durrenmatt's view of tragedy and comedy. Durrenmatt believes that drama is a story about people that is viewed by the audience through stage performance. He not only emphasizes the fictional nature of drama, but also pays attention to reality. He believes that the age is chaotic and vague, only specific and vivid comedy will let us see the world, and tragic factors can also be expressed through comedy, this is tragic comedy. The form of tragic comedy is in line with the characteristics of the times, and is the promotion of traditional tragedy and comedy. The second part of this paper analyzes Durrenmatt's dramatic form. He pursues "the possibilities of expression on this stage", thus forming the richness and polysemy of his drama. In order to attract the audience, Durrenmatt also pursues the drama's direct and perceptual. Durrenmatt believes that the stronger the fictional nature of drama, the more detailed the background of the story is, which is due to the direct and perceptual demand of drama. The directness of Durrenmatt's drama lies not only in the clarity of its structure, theme, character's position and emotion, but also in his direct discussion of metaphysical problems such as death, despair, justice and so on. The richness and polysemy of his drama originated from his experimental pursuit of drama. Secondly, Durrenmatt always keeps the drama open and inclusive, unformative and imaginative, showing different things in different theatrical forms and showing the chaotic and complex world more forcefully. The third part of this paper analyzes Durrenmatt's dramatic language. Durrenmatt attaches importance to language, its concise and powerful language at the same time has rich and exaggerated characteristics. His language not only plays an important role in shaping the characters' psychology and characters, but also has a great connection with his drama style. Durrenmatt's emphasis on the drama language stems from his attention to the audience and the description of human nature. The combination of truth and exaggeration also makes his drama "grotesque". The fourth part of this paper analyzes the uniqueness of Durrenmatt's creation. First of all, deep and sad humor is the greatest feature of Durrenmatt's creation, this is a grotesque, exaggerated and full of strong emotional humor. His sense of humour was bitter, pungent and revealing, and it was a lively humour. This was due to his intense attention to the desperate world, so its dramatic connotation was deep and sad, but there was a glimmer of hope. Secondly, unlike the complete negation and nihilism of the absurd, the uniqueness of Durrenmatt's drama stems from the fact that his perception of the world hovers between despair and hope, and is precisely because of his occasional despair of man and the world, and the wander of hope from time to time. The transformation between reason and emotion, make its tragic comedy thick color, emotion is hot and rich, thick and deep. In short, Durrenmatt's tragic comedy style is extremely characteristic, its artistic form of openness and unfettered, its attention to reality and performance, full of imagination and the extreme use of exaggeration, At the same time, the pursuit of the description of the true feelings, thus forming his grotesque and mixed with sadness and joy of art style.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I522.073

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