从陀思妥耶夫斯基小说《罪与罚》中看俄罗斯民族性格中的宗教情结

发布时间：2019-05-19 08:39

【摘要】：费奥多尔·米哈依维洛奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基（1821—1881）是19世纪群星闪耀的俄国文坛上一颗耀眼的明星，与列夫·托尔斯泰并列为俄国文坛上两座并驾齐驱的高山。有人曾说：托尔斯泰代表俄国文学的广度，陀思妥耶夫斯基代表俄国文学的深度。陀思妥耶夫斯基的生活道路和创作道路走得更为艰辛和痛苦。他的思想复杂又充满矛盾，他一生都处在宗教追求、思想矛盾所带来的痛苦折磨中。基督宗教意识不止是天才的作者独特的思想存在，，在陀思妥耶夫斯基生活的俄国宗教意识深深嵌入到每一个俄罗斯人的头脑之中，宗教情怀也深深渗入了整个俄罗斯民族的精神内涵之中，成为整个民族精神中不可遗漏的一个核心特征。陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品有着深厚的宗教意识，他笔下的人物笼罩着一层深厚的宗教色彩，《罪与罚》正是这样一部小说。它的主人公与整体环境都与宗教有着千丝万缕的联系。《罪与罚》描写的就是贫困大学生拉斯科里尼科夫在杀人之后的心路历程，他受到了法律、道德和良心上的惩罚，以及在虔诚宗教信徒索尼娅的引导下皈依基督，走上灵魂救赎的道路。本文正是通过解析宗教思想浓厚的《罪与罚》来诠释整个俄罗斯民族的宗教情结。本论文研究的理论意义在于深入剖析并揭示俄罗斯民族宗教思想形成与发展的渊源及其体现，更深刻更细致地了解俄罗斯民族的特点。传统研究偏重于研究各种民族特征表现，而本文则通过大作家陀思妥耶夫斯基经典作品《罪与罚》专门研究俄罗斯民族的“宗教性”这一与俄罗斯民族精神气质密切相关的特点。本文的现实意义在于其研究结论可以补充并完善中国国内对于俄罗斯民族的宗教情结的研究，向中国人介绍俄罗斯民族文化的理论，促进中俄两国相互理解对方的文化传统，推动两国的学术交流，使两国人民更深入的研究了解对方民族的民族精神和心理状况。本论文的创新点是通过结合伟大的、意义深远的陀思妥耶夫斯基的经典作品《罪与罚》中的典型的、具体的人物形象所体现的宗教性来说明宗教性是俄罗斯民族显著的、不可遗漏或磨灭的核心特征。
[Abstract]:Fyodor Mikhail Dostoyevsky (1821 / 1881) is a dazzling star in the 19th century Russian literary world, juxtaposed with Leo Tolstoy as two parallel mountains in the Russian literary world. It has been said that Tolstoy represents the breadth of Russian literature and Dostoevsky represents the depth of Russian literature. Dostoevsky's road of life and creation is more difficult and painful. His thoughts are complex and full of contradictions, and he has been in the pain of religious pursuit and ideological contradictions all his life. Christian religious consciousness is not only the unique ideological existence of the author of genius, but the Russian religious consciousness in Dostoevsky's life is deeply embedded in the mind of every Russian. Religious feelings have also deeply penetrated into the spiritual connotation of the whole Russian nation and become a core feature that can not be missed in the whole national spirit. Dostoevsky's works have a profound religious consciousness, and his characters are shrouded in a profound religious color. Crime and punishment is such a novel. Its protagonist and the overall environment are inextricably linked to religion. Crime and punishment describes the mental course of poor college student Ruskorinikov after killing, and he is punished by law, morality and conscience. And converted to Christ under the guidance of Sonia, a devout religious believer, and embarked on the path of soul redemption. This paper interprets the religious complex of the whole Russian nation by analyzing the strong religious thought "Crime and punishment". The theoretical significance of this paper is to deeply analyze and reveal the origin and embodiment of the formation and development of Russian ethnic and religious thought, and to understand the characteristics of Russian nation in a deeper and more detailed way. Traditional research focuses on the study of various ethnic characteristics. This paper studies the "religious nature" of the Russian nation through the classic "Crime and punishment" of the great writer Dostoevsky, which is closely related to the spiritual temperament of the Russian nation. The practical significance of this paper lies in that its research conclusions can complement and perfect the study of the religious complex of the Russian nation in China, introduce the theory of Russian national culture to the Chinese, and promote the mutual understanding of each other's cultural traditions between China and Russia. Promote academic exchanges between the two countries, so that the two peoples more in-depth study and understanding of the national spirit and psychological conditions of each other. The innovation of this paper is to illustrate that the religious nature of the Russian nation is remarkable by combining the typical and religious character embodied in the classic work Crime and punishment of Dostoevsky, which is of great and far-reaching significance. A core feature that cannot be omitted or worn out.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I512.074

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