萧伯纳《卖花女》中不礼貌现象的语用文体研究
发布时间：2019-05-31 21:41
【摘要】：上世纪七、八十年代，不礼貌研究开始在西方兴起。与礼貌研究相比，不礼貌研究没有得到足够重视，研究成果也少之又少，国内甚至存在“不礼貌研究根本没有必要”的观点，研究成果更是凤毛麟角。当学者们片面研究礼貌现象与人际和谐时，却忽视了礼貌交际的另一面—不礼貌及其可能导致的人际冲突，从而造成了概念上的偏见。事实上，不礼貌现象不仅广泛存在于日常交往，而且在政治辩论、军队训练、法庭质证、工作场所等活动中更是发挥着重要作用，不礼貌研究不仅不可漠然视之，而且需要更多的努力加以研究。 西方的不礼貌研究发展迅速，且形成了既互相联系又有所区别的不礼貌框架。Jonathan Culpeper（1996,2005）更是将不礼貌理论应用于戏剧对话分析。他还提出了对不礼貌进行回应的模式。Derek Bousfield (2008)将不礼貌策略用于分析不同的语篇，认为不礼貌策略可以集结使用，不礼貌可以发生在单个话语层面，也可以发生在宏观语篇层面，还可以跨越多个话轮，将不礼貌研究从单句言语层面拓展到了更为广阔的语篇层面。不礼貌理论的应用、丰富与发展为本研究提供了可行性及理论支撑。 本文旨在研究萧伯纳著名喜剧《卖花女》中的不礼貌现象及其语用文体功能。该研究既具有一定的理论意义又具有较强的实践意义。从理论上看，该研究在总结归纳前人不礼貌研究成果的基础上，不是对Bousfield（2008）不礼貌框架的简单应用，而是进一步澄清了“不礼貌”与“冲突”之间的关系，弥补了Bousfield不礼貌框架中似乎将“不礼貌”与“冲突”混为一谈的不足；同时又将Bousfield不礼貌框架中的三个分析维度，即单句层面、超越单句的宏观语篇层面和话轮转换系统合并在一起，构建了一个“三位一体”的分析模式，以便更好地适应《卖花女》戏剧人物对话的分析需要。从实践上看，本研究不仅有助于戏剧对话的分析与欣赏，为戏剧人物权势关系的揭示、人物性格的刻画、戏剧情节的发展、喜剧效果的凸显提供了一个新视角，而且还有助于人们更好地理解交际中的各种不礼貌现象，有效解决交际冲突，促进人际和谐和跨文化交际。 在Bousfield（2008）不礼貌框架之下，本文对《卖花女》中的人物对话进行了尝试性分析。首先对《卖花女》中的不礼貌现象进行分类。不礼貌现象在社会地位相同和社会地位不同的人物之间均有存在，且不礼貌现象可以分为以下四类：说话人有意且听话人感知的不礼貌；说话人有意但未被听话人感知的不礼貌；说话人无意但听话人认为其有意的不礼貌及说话人无意且听话人也认为其无意的不礼貌。其次，本研究探讨了《卖花女》中不礼貌现象及不礼貌策略在反映权势关系、刻画人物性格、揭示剧情发展及凸显喜剧效果四个方面的语用文体功能。 本研究的主要发现有：（1）说话人的权势不同其不礼貌策略也有所不同，，但这并不意味着权势较低的一方不实施不礼貌，相反，如果权势较高的一方使用不礼貌是为了显示自己权势的话，那么权势较低的一方则是通过使用不礼貌策略挑战权势较高一方的权势；（2）在不礼貌策略的使用方面，并非直接不礼貌策略更具面子威胁性，在某些场合，间接不礼貌策略具有相同甚至更大的面子威胁性；（3）不礼貌现象及不礼貌策略的使用对于揭示戏剧人物的权势关系及人物性格塑造发挥重要作用；不礼貌现象的触发、发展及最终解决的动态过程能很好地反映戏剧的情节发展，突出戏剧主题；（4）不礼貌现象可以产生语言形式的冲突，但未必产生人际关系的冲突，从而构成消极人际关系。若发生在亲属或朋友之间，不礼貌现象还可以构建和谐的人际关系，其语言形式上的冲突能起到凸显滑稽、幽默、讽刺等喜剧效果的作用。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s and 1980s, the impolite study began to rise in the west. Compared with the polite research, the study of the impolite study is not paid enough attention, the research results are few, the domestic and even the "The impolite study doesn't have to be necessary." point of view, the research result is the phoenix-hair corner. When the scholars have one-sided study of the politeness phenomenon and the interpersonal harmony, the other side of the politeness communication is ignored and the interpersonal conflicts that can lead to them are ignored, thus resulting in a conceptual bias. In fact, the impolite phenomenon not only exists in the day-to-day communication, but also plays an important role in the activities such as political debate, army training, the quality of the court and the work place. The impolite study of the west is developing rapidly, and forms an impolite frame that is not only related to each other but also different from each other. Jonathan Culperer (1996,2005) also applies the impolite theory to the drama dialogue. In addition, he put forward a form of impolite response. The non-polite strategy of Derek Bousfield (2008) is used in the analysis of different texts. It is considered that the politeness strategy can be used for assembly and use. It can also take place at the level of a single discourse, and can also take place at the level of the macro-text and can span multiple words. To extend the impolite study from the single-sentence speech level to a broader speech layer The application, enrichment and development of the impolite theory provide the feasibility and the theoretical support for this study. The purpose of this paper is to study the impolite phenomenon in the famous comedy of Bernard Shaw and its pragmatic text. The study has both theoretical and practical significance. On the basis of summarizing the previous impolite research results, it is not a simple application to the politeness framework of the Bousfield (2008), but further clarified the relationship between the "impolite" and the "conflict". The relationship between the "impolite" and the "conflict" in the Bousfield impolite framework is made up. At the same time, the three analysis dimensions of the Bousfield impolite framework, namely the single sentence level, the macro-text level of the transcendental single sentence, and the session-wheel conversion system are combined. Together, a "trinity" 's analysis model is built to better adapt to the score of the "flower girl> drama figure" conversation In practice, this study not only contributes to the analysis and appreciation of the drama dialogue, but also provides a way to reveal the relationship between the characters of the drama, the characterization of the characters, the development of the drama and the effect of the comedy. The new angle of view, but also helps people to better understand the various manners in the communication, effectively solve the communication conflict, promote the interpersonal harmony and the cross-text Under the politeness framework of the Bousfield (2008), this paper makes a dialogue on the dialogue among the characters in the "flower of the flower". Try to make a tentative analysis. First of all, the impolite present in the "flower girl" An impolite phenomenon exists between characters with the same social status and social status, and the impolite phenomenon can be divided into the following four categories: the speaker's intention and the impolite perception of the listener; the speaker's intention but not to be felt impolite; a speaker is not intended, but the listener is of the opinion that his intention is not polite and that the speaker is not intended and the listener does not consider it to be Second, this study discusses the four aspects of the relationship between the relationship of power, the character of the characters, the development of the plot and the effect of the comedy. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The power of the speaker is different from its impolite strategy, but this does not mean that one of the less powerful is not in an impolite way, but in contrast, if one of the more powerful one uses the impolite to show it If the power is shown, then the less powerful one is the power of the higher party through the use of the impolite strategy; and (2) in the use of the impolite strategy, it is not a direct impolite strategy to be more face-threatening. In some cases, the indirect impolite strategy has the same or even greater face threat; (3) the use of impolite and impolite tactics plays an important role in revealing the power relations and the character of the characters of the drama; The dynamic process of the trigger, development and final settlement of the politeness phenomenon can reflect the plot development of the drama well, highlight the theme of the drama, and (4) the impolite phenomenon can produce a conflict in the form of a language, but it does not necessarily generate a conflict of human relations, so that the structure To form a negative interpersonal relationship. If it occurs between a relative or a friend, the impolite phenomenon can also build a harmonious interpersonal relationship, and the conflict in the form of the language can play a role in highlighting the funny, the humor, the irony, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I562.073;H315
本文编号：2490032
[Abstract]:In the 1970s and 1980s, the impolite study began to rise in the west. Compared with the polite research, the study of the impolite study is not paid enough attention, the research results are few, the domestic and even the "The impolite study doesn't have to be necessary." point of view, the research result is the phoenix-hair corner. When the scholars have one-sided study of the politeness phenomenon and the interpersonal harmony, the other side of the politeness communication is ignored and the interpersonal conflicts that can lead to them are ignored, thus resulting in a conceptual bias. In fact, the impolite phenomenon not only exists in the day-to-day communication, but also plays an important role in the activities such as political debate, army training, the quality of the court and the work place. The impolite study of the west is developing rapidly, and forms an impolite frame that is not only related to each other but also different from each other. Jonathan Culperer (1996,2005) also applies the impolite theory to the drama dialogue. In addition, he put forward a form of impolite response. The non-polite strategy of Derek Bousfield (2008) is used in the analysis of different texts. It is considered that the politeness strategy can be used for assembly and use. It can also take place at the level of a single discourse, and can also take place at the level of the macro-text and can span multiple words. To extend the impolite study from the single-sentence speech level to a broader speech layer The application, enrichment and development of the impolite theory provide the feasibility and the theoretical support for this study. The purpose of this paper is to study the impolite phenomenon in the famous comedy of Bernard Shaw and its pragmatic text. The study has both theoretical and practical significance. On the basis of summarizing the previous impolite research results, it is not a simple application to the politeness framework of the Bousfield (2008), but further clarified the relationship between the "impolite" and the "conflict". The relationship between the "impolite" and the "conflict" in the Bousfield impolite framework is made up. At the same time, the three analysis dimensions of the Bousfield impolite framework, namely the single sentence level, the macro-text level of the transcendental single sentence, and the session-wheel conversion system are combined. Together, a "trinity" 's analysis model is built to better adapt to the score of the "flower girl> drama figure" conversation In practice, this study not only contributes to the analysis and appreciation of the drama dialogue, but also provides a way to reveal the relationship between the characters of the drama, the characterization of the characters, the development of the drama and the effect of the comedy. The new angle of view, but also helps people to better understand the various manners in the communication, effectively solve the communication conflict, promote the interpersonal harmony and the cross-text Under the politeness framework of the Bousfield (2008), this paper makes a dialogue on the dialogue among the characters in the "flower of the flower". Try to make a tentative analysis. First of all, the impolite present in the "flower girl" An impolite phenomenon exists between characters with the same social status and social status, and the impolite phenomenon can be divided into the following four categories: the speaker's intention and the impolite perception of the listener; the speaker's intention but not to be felt impolite; a speaker is not intended, but the listener is of the opinion that his intention is not polite and that the speaker is not intended and the listener does not consider it to be Second, this study discusses the four aspects of the relationship between the relationship of power, the character of the characters, the development of the plot and the effect of the comedy. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The power of the speaker is different from its impolite strategy, but this does not mean that one of the less powerful is not in an impolite way, but in contrast, if one of the more powerful one uses the impolite to show it If the power is shown, then the less powerful one is the power of the higher party through the use of the impolite strategy; and (2) in the use of the impolite strategy, it is not a direct impolite strategy to be more face-threatening. In some cases, the indirect impolite strategy has the same or even greater face threat; (3) the use of impolite and impolite tactics plays an important role in revealing the power relations and the character of the characters of the drama; The dynamic process of the trigger, development and final settlement of the politeness phenomenon can reflect the plot development of the drama well, highlight the theme of the drama, and (4) the impolite phenomenon can produce a conflict in the form of a language, but it does not necessarily generate a conflict of human relations, so that the structure To form a negative interpersonal relationship. If it occurs between a relative or a friend, the impolite phenomenon can also build a harmonious interpersonal relationship, and the conflict in the form of the language can play a role in highlighting the funny, the humor, the irony, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I562.073;H315
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