《天边外》的生态女性主义解读
发布时间：2019-06-03 15:34
【摘要】：尤金·奥尼尔是美国历史上伟大的剧作家。他被誉为“美国现代戏剧之父”和“美国的莎士比亚”，是美国历史上唯一获得诺贝尔文学奖和四次获得普利策奖的剧作家。 奥尼尔的早期成名作《天边外》自1920年上演以来在美国引起了强烈反响，使奥尼尔第一次获得了普利策奖。作为20世纪美国最著名的剧作家，奥尼尔在《天边外》中深刻地表达了他对自然和女性命运的关注。女性和自然是生态女性主义所关注的主题。论文从生态女性主义视角出发，研究了剧本中女性和自然在男权社会中所遭受的压迫以及女性对男性的依附状况，以及由此造成的人与人关系的恶化和人与土地关系的异化等可怕后果。剧作家以此传达了他向往和谐美好的两性关系和人与自然和谐相处的美好愿望。 全文包含引言、正文和结论三大部分。引言部分主要介绍了奥尼尔的生平创作，国内外关于剧本《天边外》的研究现状，以及该论文的独创性和研究意义。 正文部分共分为四章：第一章是本论文研究的理论基础。本章概述了生态女性主义的发展，介绍了不同流派以及生态女性主义的主要思想。 第二章研究了在男权社会统治下的女性代表凯特和露丝，以及自然的化身农场。女性和土地（农场）都是男权社会的受害者。凯特就像大地母亲一样对男性既有依附性和包容性，同时又受到了男性的压迫；露丝虽然试图挑战男性的权威却发现自己依然成为了男性的附庸品和牺牲品，最终失去了自己的独立人格。农场也在不善农艺的罗伯特的经营下日渐凋敝，到了破产的边缘。 第三章将视角转向家中的两个男性——安德鲁和罗伯特，他们是男权中心主义社会的代表，他们是女性和土地的压迫者，与后两者之间的关系是疏离的。安德鲁作为一个地道的庄稼汉，却离开了农场和舅舅去航海，受到时代风潮的影响和贪婪的驱使投机做小麦生意。而罗伯特一直对天边外抱有不切实际的幻想，无心照顾家庭和农场。 第四章阐述了三个主人公的悲惨命运。露丝从一个充满幻想、勇于追求爱情的青春少女，，最后沦落为心灰意冷的怨妇，不再对生活抱有任何希望；安德鲁背叛了土地，投机做小麦生意却输的血本无归；罗伯特不谙农活，使家庭走向衰败，失去了露丝的爱情，自己也带着未竟的梦想离开了这个世界。 最后一部分是论文的结论。该部分在总结全文的基础上指出，剧中的悲剧归根结底都是男性中心主义思想观念造成的。女性和土地不应被视作男性的附庸，任凭男性的处置。否则，类似的悲剧仍会上演。
[Abstract]:Eugene O'Neill is a great playwright in American history. He is known as "the Father of Modern American Drama" and "Shakespeare of the United States". He is the only playwright in American history who has won the Nobel Prize for Literature and the Pulitzer Prize four times. O'Neill 's early masterpiece, beyond the Sky, has had a strong response in the United States since it was launched in 1920, winning O'Neill the Pulitzer Prize for the first time. As the most famous American playwright in the 20th century, O'Neill deeply expressed his concern for nature and the fate of women in beyond the sky. Women and nature are the themes of ecological feminism. From the perspective of ecological feminism, this paper studies the oppression of women and nature in the patriarchal society and the dependence of women on men. And the resulting deterioration of the relationship between people and the alienation of the relationship between people and land and other terrible consequences. In this way, the playwright conveys his desire for harmonious and beautiful gender relations and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The full text includes three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces O'Neill 's life creation, the research status of script beyond the sky at home and abroad, and the originality and significance of this paper. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is the theoretical basis of this paper. This chapter summarizes the development of ecological feminism, introduces different schools and the main ideas of ecological feminism. The second chapter studies the female representatives Kate and Ruth under patriarchal society, as well as the natural incarnation farm. Both women and land (farms) are victims of patriarchal society. Kate, like Mother Earth, is dependent and inclusive on men, and is oppressed by men at the same time. Although Ruth tried to challenge the authority of men, she found that she was still a vassal and victim of men, and eventually lost her independent personality. The farm was also declining under the management of Robert, who was not good at agriculture, and reached the brink of bankruptcy. The third chapter turns the perspective to the two men in the family-Andrew and Robert, who are the representatives of patriarchal society, they are the oppressors of women and land, and the relationship between the latter and the latter is estranged. Andrew, as a real farmer, left the farm and his uncle to sail, driven by the tide of the times and greed to speculate in the wheat business. Robert, on the other hand, had unrealistic fantasies about the outside world and had no intention of taking care of his family and farm. The fourth chapter expounds the tragic fate of the three protagonists. Ruth, from a young girl full of fantasies and the courage to pursue love, finally became a disheartened resentful woman and no longer had any hope for life. Andrew betrayed the land and speculated on the wheat business but lost nothing. Robert did not know agricultural work, led to the decline of the family, lost Ruth's love, and left the world with unfinished dreams. The last part is the conclusion of the paper. On the basis of summing up the full text, this part points out that the tragedy in the play is caused by the idea of masculine centralism in the final analysis. Women and land should not be regarded as appendages of men and allowed to be disposed of by men. Otherwise, similar tragedies will still occur.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.073
本文编号：2492033
[Abstract]:Eugene O'Neill is a great playwright in American history. He is known as "the Father of Modern American Drama" and "Shakespeare of the United States". He is the only playwright in American history who has won the Nobel Prize for Literature and the Pulitzer Prize four times. O'Neill 's early masterpiece, beyond the Sky, has had a strong response in the United States since it was launched in 1920, winning O'Neill the Pulitzer Prize for the first time. As the most famous American playwright in the 20th century, O'Neill deeply expressed his concern for nature and the fate of women in beyond the sky. Women and nature are the themes of ecological feminism. From the perspective of ecological feminism, this paper studies the oppression of women and nature in the patriarchal society and the dependence of women on men. And the resulting deterioration of the relationship between people and the alienation of the relationship between people and land and other terrible consequences. In this way, the playwright conveys his desire for harmonious and beautiful gender relations and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The full text includes three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces O'Neill 's life creation, the research status of script beyond the sky at home and abroad, and the originality and significance of this paper. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is the theoretical basis of this paper. This chapter summarizes the development of ecological feminism, introduces different schools and the main ideas of ecological feminism. The second chapter studies the female representatives Kate and Ruth under patriarchal society, as well as the natural incarnation farm. Both women and land (farms) are victims of patriarchal society. Kate, like Mother Earth, is dependent and inclusive on men, and is oppressed by men at the same time. Although Ruth tried to challenge the authority of men, she found that she was still a vassal and victim of men, and eventually lost her independent personality. The farm was also declining under the management of Robert, who was not good at agriculture, and reached the brink of bankruptcy. The third chapter turns the perspective to the two men in the family-Andrew and Robert, who are the representatives of patriarchal society, they are the oppressors of women and land, and the relationship between the latter and the latter is estranged. Andrew, as a real farmer, left the farm and his uncle to sail, driven by the tide of the times and greed to speculate in the wheat business. Robert, on the other hand, had unrealistic fantasies about the outside world and had no intention of taking care of his family and farm. The fourth chapter expounds the tragic fate of the three protagonists. Ruth, from a young girl full of fantasies and the courage to pursue love, finally became a disheartened resentful woman and no longer had any hope for life. Andrew betrayed the land and speculated on the wheat business but lost nothing. Robert did not know agricultural work, led to the decline of the family, lost Ruth's love, and left the world with unfinished dreams. The last part is the conclusion of the paper. On the basis of summing up the full text, this part points out that the tragedy in the play is caused by the idea of masculine centralism in the final analysis. Women and land should not be regarded as appendages of men and allowed to be disposed of by men. Otherwise, similar tragedies will still occur.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.073
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