北美新移民文学的族性叙事研究

发布时间：2019-06-05 18:04

【摘要】：中国改革开放的三十年，是全球化突飞猛进的三十年，也是北美新移民文学由隐没到浮现、跨越的三十年。从早期的苏炜、查建英、周励、曹桂林，到中期的严歌苓、张翎、卢新华、陈河、少君、陈谦、再到新生代的郁秀、等，他们创作的主题，表述的心态、叙事的技巧、语言的风格、文化身份上来说，都有着新质的呈现。就他们小说创作的主体和客体而言，这一个关联的质，表现为族性叙事的不断探索和挖掘，并以这一深具族性特征的创作实践，不断地对自身的文化身份提出疑惑和解答。通过对其代表性文本的细读，整体把握全球化语境下，新移民作家在不同时期的越界书写特征的同时，从文化身份的角度上揭示新移民生命移置过程中所折射出的文化内涵。北美新移民文学以华语书写的方式登上中国文学的舞台与其独特的文化身份是息息相关的。一方面，他们移民跨越的生存状态使身份带有离散性；另一方面与异文化的接触、碰撞和融合，又迫使他们思考自身的文化身份。身份的矛盾性作用于叙事，因此，他们的叙事是离散的叙事，也是是文化身份的叙事，是一代人经验镜像的叙事，带有民族寓言性、文学性、隐喻性和象征性的多重构想。北美新移民文学中的小说叙事，自发生以来，就以一种多元的叙事姿态，展现着新移民在异国他乡中的原乡回望的憧憬，人生遭遇的坎坷，内心的复杂与困顿，为了生存却不得不顽强拼搏的精神，这一生存的印记，有如作者本人自己的人生传记，深深的烙在了文本里边。到了中期，张翎、严歌苓等笔下充满了对母国的历史想象，，其中不无反省，表现出社会历史多样性与复杂性及其超越性的重重思索，族性特征伴着身份认同而使文本呈现愈加复杂而矛盾。新世纪以来，新生代作家郁秀、王蕤等作品中，呈现出一种世界性视野的追寻，似乎她们的目光，越出了种族与国界，试图在超越族群的意义上对人性进行反思，就文本呈现而言，是全球化过程深化的体现，实际上同样是“文化中国”与族性的叙事，只不过他们的族性叙事则是变得相对隐蔽罢了。整体来看，北美新移民文学是一个不断探索与追寻族性叙事的过程，大致经历了从单纯的文化游离到微妙的文化适应、反思与交融，再到追求世界性视野的过程。
[Abstract]:The 30 years of China's reform and opening up are 30 years of rapid globalization and 30 years of new immigrants' literature in North America. From the early Su Wei, Cha Jianying, Zhou Li, Cao Guilin, to Yan Geling, Zhang Ling, Lu Xinhua, Chen he, Shaojun, Chen Qian, to the new generation of Yu Xiu, etc., the theme of their creation, the state of mind, the narrative skills, In terms of language style and cultural identity, there is a new qualitative presentation. As far as the subject and object of their novel creation are concerned, this related quality is manifested in the continuous exploration and excavation of ethnic narration, and constantly puts forward doubts and answers to their own cultural identity with this creative practice with ethnic characteristics. Through the careful reading of his representative texts, the author grasps the cultural connotation reflected in the process of life transfer of new immigrants in the context of globalization as a whole, while revealing the cross-border writing characteristics of new immigrants in different periods and revealing the cultural connotation reflected in the process of life transfer of new immigrants from the perspective of cultural identity. It is closely related to its unique cultural identity that the new immigrants' literature of North America has stepped on the stage of Chinese literature in the way of Chinese writing. On the one hand, the living state of their immigrants makes their identity discrete; on the other hand, the contact, collision and integration with different cultures force them to think about their own cultural identity. The contradiction of identity acts on narration. Therefore, their narration is not only discrete narrative, but also the narrative of cultural identity. It is a narrative mirrored by experience of a generation, with multiple ideas of national allegory, literariness, metaphorical and symbolic. Since its occurrence, the novel narration in the literature of the new immigrants in North America has shown the longing of the new immigrants to look back in their hometowns, the ups and downs of their lives, and the complexity and difficulties of their hearts with a pluralistic narrative posture. In order to survive, but have to work hard spirit, this survival imprint, like the author's own biography of life, deeply branded in the text. In the middle of the period, Zhang Ling, Yan Geling and others were full of historical imagination of their home country, in which they reflected on the diversity, complexity and transcendence of society and history. Ethnic characteristics with identity make the text more complex and contradictory. Since the new century, the new generation of writers Yu Xiu, Josephine Wang and other works have shown a worldwide vision of the pursuit, as if their eyes, more and more out of race and national boundaries, trying to reflect on human nature in the sense of surpassing ethnic groups. As far as text presentation is concerned, it is the embodiment of the deepening of globalization, in fact, it is also the narrative of "cultural China" and ethnic nature, but their ethnic narration has become relatively hidden. On the whole, North American new immigrants literature is a process of continuous exploration and pursuit of ethnic narration, which has gone through a process from simple cultural ionization to subtle cultural adaptation, reflection and blending, and then to the pursuit of a worldwide vision.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.06

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