同袍所生，人格各异—《喧哗与骚动》中三兄弟弗氏的人格解读

发布时间：2019-06-06 18:30

【摘要】：上世纪二十年代以降，福克纳逐渐成为一朵世纪文学史上的奇葩。他以独特的语言应用技巧，精妙的文章结构布局和对涵盖着南方特征的“邮票般”大小地方的反思而受到评论家和读者的认识、接受和青睐。《喧哗与骚动》是福克纳第一部也是他最喜爱的一部长篇小说，其对“意识流”的反复应用深刻的描摹出了人物的内心世界，表现出人物的鲜明的人格特征，突出了福克纳小说中的人物是“哲理性的而不是地域性的”特点，揭示了人物内心深处的躁动和不安。福克纳是以笔代刀来解剖人的内心世界，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德却以临床实验为基础走进人们的心理世界。同时代的两位大师在对同一问题从不同方面对人性进行了解剖和分析。弗洛伊德认为人格是由本我、自我和超我组成。本我处是与人的原始本能有关的内容，，以出生时的遗传基因和后天的影响形成，以快乐为原则，寻找出路；自我处源自于本我但受到外部世界的影响，以现实为原则，监督本我，适当满足超我；超我处在人格的最高层，它以本我中原始的影像为基础，以克服恋母情节为动力，从自我中脱离出来，奉行至善原则，指导自我，限制本我。弗洛伊德认为人格的形成是一个充满冲突和斗争的过程，也是一个由低级向高级自我完善的过程。将人格结构引入精神批评领域已经成为一种趋势，但将其用于分析《喧哗与骚动》中人物的人格特征却不多见。美国学者凯瑟琳·摩尔（2000）在恋母情结和创伤的基础上间接的提到了小说中杰生的自我和超我；国内学者杨凤（2005）、朱正武、吴晟（2006）认为小说中的班吉、昆丁和杰生分别代表着本我、自我和超我，但钟淑敏（2007）却认为杰生是自我的代表。本文在结合文本的基础之上认为班吉、昆丁和杰生都有各自的本我、自我和超我，都有各自的恋母情结，创伤的表达形式，这一解释也和人格结构理论是一致的。本论文由五部分组成。第一部分以对比、推理的形式介绍了福克纳和他的作品及本论文研究的目的。第二部分为文献综述，论述了国外、国内对《喧哗与骚动》的研究状况。第三部分介绍了弗洛伊德的三重人格构建理论及其与恋母情结和创伤的关系。第四部分是本论文的核心，结合文本，本文分别论述了三个人物的本我、自我和超我所的特征，指出：班吉虽然是傻子，但他的叙述是由一系列如钢丝一般贯穿始终的事件所牵引，完整的展现了一个自我、超我和本我的结合体。班吉在喝酒、侵犯女学生和对凯蒂的回忆中中凸显了本我的一面；在寻找钱和嗅出凯蒂的内疚和大姆娣死亡方面，显示出自我和超我的特征。班吉的本我是客观的，受压抑的；他的自我是无声的，超我则是超灵的。昆丁的本我表现出他受父亲的遗传居多并且在后天的成长中受父影响而形成。康普生先生对时间的消极态度，对女性贞操的漠然表现在昆丁身上，使他在对凯蒂的纠结中无法自拔，从而成为他人格失衡的根源。他的自我表现在与外部世界，自我与本我及超我之间的关系中。昆丁南方骑士式的超我则完全脱离了实际，显得僵化；他的自我则显示出一种悲剧化的浪漫，引导着他走向死亡。杰生的本我表现出他受母亲的遗传居多，杰生和他妈妈一样显得自私、冷漠和缺少责任。杰生从小就被排斥而缺少爱，给他心理上留下了无尽的创伤。他因此显得自恋而无理性，他的自我带着创伤，他的超我则近乎扭曲。第五部分进一步指出了小说人物冲突的根源，它和小说中人物所处的时代，作家的写作状态和创作目的是分不开的。第六部分总结全文并指出：以弗洛伊德的人格结构理论、恋母情节及创伤来解读小说中三兄弟的心理旅程的研究说明了以人格构建理论探析人物的内心世界应该在充分结合文本的基础上全面的、综合的和动态的分析人物具体所处的环境，他们的表达方式和行为；同时，在他们人格冲突的背后，是和小说的人物背景，作家的写作状态和写作目的是不可分割的。
[Abstract]:In the 1920 's, Faulkner gradually became a great scholar in the history of a century. He is subject to the recognition, acceptance and favor of critics and readers with a unique language application technique, a fine article structure layout, and a "size-and-size" reflection of the "stamp-like" size of the southern feature. "The noise and the commotion" is the first part of Faulkner's first and his favorite novel, and the repeated application of the "turbulent flow" has traced the inner world of the characters and showed the distinctive character of the characters, and the character of the Faulkner's novel is the "Philosophical, rather than regional." characteristic. It reveals the restlessness and the uneasiness of the person's heart. Faulkner is the inner world of the human being with a pencil knife, and Mond Freud, on the basis of the clinical experiment, enters the people's psychological world. The two masters of the same age have dissected and divided the human nature from different aspects of the same problem Analysis. Freud believed that the personality was made up of me, my self and the super I am composed. This is the content related to the original instinct of the human, which is formed by the genetic and the acquired influence of the birth, the principle of happiness, and the way out; the self-place is derived from the influence of the external world, the principle of reality, the supervision of the present, the appropriate full I am at the highest level of the personality, and it is based on the original image in the world, so as to overcome the love of the mother of the mother, to escape from the self, to the principle of good, to guide the self, to limit. The formation of personality is a process of conflict and struggle, and a low-level self-improvement. The process of introducing the personality structure into the field of mental criticism has become a trend, but it is used to analyze the personality of the characters in the noise and the commotion. The sign is rare. The American scholar, Catherine Moore (2000), alluded to the self and the superego of the novel Zhongjie on the basis of the mother's complex and the trauma. The domestic scholar Yang Feng (2005), Zhu Zhengwu, Wu Jun (2006) thought that Bangui, Quentin and Jisheng in the novel represent me, respectively. Self and over me, but Zhong Shimin (2007) thought that Germ was On the basis of the text, this paper holds that in Bangui, Quentin and Jisheng all have their own, self and super-me, have their own mother complex, the expression of the wound, this explanation and the personality structure. The theory is consistent. This theory The first part introduces Faulkner and his works in the form of contrast and reasoning. The second part is a review of the literature, and the foreign and domestic responses to the noise and the Sao Paulo are discussed. The third part introduces Freud's theory of three-personality and its relationship with the love of the mother. The fourth part is the core of this paper, and in the text, this article discusses the characteristics of the three characters in this article, the self and the superego, and points out that, while Bangui is a fool, his account is made of a series of such as steel wires. The whole life of the event is drawn, and the whole shows a self, Over me and my combination. In Bangui, I've been drinking, violating the female students and the memory of Katie. I'm looking for money and smelling Katie's guilt and Dom's death. From me and beyond my character. I am objective and repressed in Bangui. His ego is silent. I'm super-clever. Quentin's book shows that he's more inherited by his father and is acquired by the day after tomorrow. The influence of the father in the growth of the growth, the negative attitude of Mr. Conform on time, the indifference of the female chastity in the body of Quentin, and made him unable to pull himself from the knot of Katie. It is the source of his personality imbalance. His self-expression is in the outer world, the self and the In the relationship between me and the superego, the Quentin South-style super-I was completely out of the real and rigid; his ego showed a tragedy. Romance, leading him to death. Jason's Ben I showed that he was most of his mother's inheritance, Jason and his mother. The appearance is selfish, apathy, and lack of responsibility. It's an endless trauma to him. He's so narcissistic and irrational, and his self-belt The fifth part further points out the root of the novel character's conflict, it and the times of the characters in the novel, the writer In the sixth part, the author points out that the study on the psychological journey of the three brothers in the novel by the theory of Freud's personality structure, the plot of the love and the trauma, explains the inner world of the person in the theory of personality construction. The comprehensive, comprehensive and dynamic analysis of the environment, their expression and behavior on the basis of the full combination of the text; and, at the same time, in the context of their personality conflicts, the background of the characters and the writers of the novel
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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