对《麦田守望者》的精神分析研究

发布时间：2019-06-06 05:57

【摘要】：《麦田守望者》是一部反映现代西方人精神危机的作品，本文旨在揭示这种精神危机的根源。本研究主要是从三个方面进行的。第一，小说的主要内容可以浓缩在主人公与书中人物的三个对话中，本文通过对这三个对话的分析，找出了主人公霍尔顿的所爱所憎，以及其精神上的困惑。第二，本文结合弗洛伊德的人格系统理论，对霍尔顿的人格进行了界定，最后得出书中并没有表现出霍尔顿传统意义上的本我，他的本我在其精神追求的过程中转化为和其超我一样的存在，而其超我则是对真善美的追求和守护，自我则是书中表现出来的与社会格格不入的痛苦迷惘的形象。然后通过分析霍尔顿本我，自我和超我之间的关系，得出其精神危机的本质并不是个人与社会的矛盾，而是社会准则之间的矛盾。第三，，通过古希腊和朱光潜先生的悲剧理论，得出上述矛盾的根源其实在于人类文明自身，这就解释了《麦田守望者》为什么能引起不同社会不同时空读者群体的共鸣，也解释了其畅销不衰的原因。最后根据这个结论，再结合中国社会现实和《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿的成长经历，推导出解决现代人精神危机的出路在于儿童和青少年人文教育的落实和文艺作品的推广。全文共六章：第一章是简介，介绍了《麦田》的研究背景和文化背景，并提出三个主要问题。第二章是文献综述，主要对前人研究中有关霍尔顿悲剧的普遍性的主题进行总结，也对前人精神分析方面的研究做了简单回顾。第三章是关于精神分析批评方法的介绍，并解释了选择此研究方法的原因。第四、五章是本文的主体，主要对第一章提出的三个问题进行了解答。第六章是对全文的总结，并结合现实作了推论。
[Abstract]:The Catcher of Wheat Field is a work reflecting the spiritual crisis of modern Westerners. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the root of this spiritual crisis. This study is mainly carried out from three aspects. First, the main content of the novel can be condensed into the three dialogues between the protagonist and the characters in the book. Through the analysis of these three dialogues, this paper finds out what the protagonist Holden loves and hates, as well as his spiritual confusion. Secondly, based on Freud's theory of personality system, this paper defines Holden's personality, and finally concludes that Holden's personality is not shown in the traditional sense of Holden. In the process of his spiritual pursuit, his ego is transformed into the same existence as his superego, while his superego is the pursuit and protection of truth, goodness and beauty, and his ego is the image of pain and perplexity that is incompatible with society in the book. Then by analyzing the relationship between Holden's ego, ego and superego, it is concluded that the essence of the spiritual crisis is not the contradiction between the individual and the society, but the contradiction between the social norms. Third, through the tragic theory of ancient Greece and Mr. Zhu Guangqian, it is concluded that the root of the above contradiction lies in human civilization itself, which explains why the Catcher of Rye can resonate with different readers in different societies and time and space. It also explains the reasons why it sells well. Finally, according to this conclusion, combined with the social reality of China and the growing experience of Holden, the protagonist of Rye Catcher, it is deduced that the way to solve the spiritual crisis of modern people lies in the implementation of humanistic education for children and adolescents and the promotion of literary and artistic works. The first chapter is a brief introduction, which introduces the research background and cultural background of Rye, and puts forward three main problems. The second chapter is a literature review, which mainly summarizes the topics of Holden tragedy in previous studies, and also makes a brief review of previous psychoanalysis studies. The third chapter is about the introduction of psychoanalysis criticism method, and explains the reasons for the choice of this research method. Fourth, the fifth chapter is the main body of this paper, mainly to answer the three questions put forward in the first chapter. The sixth chapter is a summary of the full text, and combined with reality to make a corollary.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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