文本世界理论框架下叙述语篇中的现在时态研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 05:32

【摘要】：一般而言，时态与时间概念之间有对应关系，然而它们之间的不一致现象也常有发生。许多学者已经对现在时态的非现在时用法进行过研究，然而他们的研究中有些仅局限于时间领域内，有些只关注句的层面，而没有考虑到心智和语境层面。还有一些文体学家们试图探讨现在时态非现在时用法在文学作品中的文本功能和美学效果，然而他们的研究往往流于主观化，未进行深层的理论性认知探索。基于以上原因，本文试图在认知诗学的框架下，运用认知语言学的文本世界理论，尝试分析文学作品中的现在时态运用现象，讨论在叙述作品中的参与者在创建和理解文本时心智表征的构建过程以及认知特点。在文学作品中，典型的时态为过去时态，然而现在时态的运用也并不鲜见，，作者在叙述时采用现在时态往往是为了达了一定的文体效果。本文主要选取了夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》与《谢利》作为分析对象。夏洛特是继狄更斯之后又一善用现在时态来表达特殊的文学效果的作者。这两部作品分别以第一人称和第三人称现式呈现，表现出不同的指称特点，叙述要素之间在话语世界中也表现出不同的关系。本文作者收集了这两本小说中所有现在时态的用法，并将其归为五大类：叙述过去时间发生的动作；叙述过去某个时间点或时间段的景物或人物特征；表达角色的内心思想或情感；表达叙述者的概括或评论；介绍情节的发展方向。这些现在时态的运用是为了达到一定的话语功能。作者还提出，现在时态在叙述文本中可以实现前景化、交互、评价等效果。通过对运用了现在时态的文本的世界转换、情态世界的构建、话语世界的组成等过程和特点的分析，可以很好地解释世界参与者对这些运用现在时态的文本的认知解读过程，发现现在时态的运用取得的文本效果产生的根源。本文通过对认知语言学的理论在文学阅读过程中的具体应用的分析，证明认知语言学理论在分析文学作品中某些语言风格过程中的可行性，拓展了认知语言学理论的应用范围。同时也为文学解读和文学评论打开了一个新的思路。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, there is a corresponding relationship between tense and the concept of time, but the inconsistency between them often occurs. Many scholars have studied the non-present tense usage of the present tense, however, some of their studies are limited to the field of time, some only focus on the sentence level, but do not take into account the mental and contextual levels. There are also some stylistics who try to explore the text function and aesthetic effect of present tense non-present tense usage in literary works. However, their research often flows into subjectivity and does not carry out deep theoretical cognitive exploration. For the above reasons, this paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon of the use of the present tense in literary works by using the text world theory of cognitive linguistics, and to discuss the construction process and cognitive characteristics of the mental representation of the participants in the narrative works when they create and understand the text. In literary works, the typical tense is the past tense, but the use of the present tense is not uncommon. The author often uses the present tense in the narrative in order to achieve a certain stylistic effect. In this paper, Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Shelly are selected as the objects of analysis. Charlotte is another author who uses the present tense to express special literary effects after Dickens. These two works are presented in the present form of the first person and the third person respectively, showing different referential characteristics, and the relationship between the narrative elements is also different in the discourse world. In this paper, the author collects the usage of all the present tenses in these two novels and classifies them into five categories: describing the actions of the past time; describing the scenery or character characteristics of a certain time point or time period in the past; expressing the inner thoughts or feelings of the character; expressing the narrator's summary or comment; and introducing the development direction of the plot. The use of these present tenses is to achieve a certain discourse function. The author also proposes that the present tense can realize the effect of foresight, interaction and evaluation in narrative text. Through the analysis of the process and characteristics of the transformation of the text using the present tense, the construction of the modal world and the composition of the discourse world, we can explain the cognitive interpretation process of these texts using the present tense, and find out the root of the text effect obtained by the use of the present tense. Through the analysis of the application of cognitive linguistics theory in the process of literary reading, this paper proves the feasibility of cognitive linguistics theory in the process of analyzing some language styles in literary works, and expands the application scope of cognitive linguistics theory. At the same time, it also opens up a new way of thinking for literary interpretation and literary criticism.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074;H314

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