济慈颂诗中消极能力论的体现

发布时间：2019-07-02 18:52

【摘要】：济慈(John Keats,1795-1821)虽然只活了26年，但是作为一个诗人，他的成就是卓越的。他的颂诗在语言和形象上都是英国诗歌的经典，堪称传世之作。在文艺理论方面，他的诗论见解大多散见于他给家人、朋友及出版商的书信中。济慈在信件中提出的诗歌理论的宗旨在于，强调想象力的巨大作用,强调情感的凝聚与抒发，并在此基础上提出了吸引后来诸多的评论家注意的“消极能力论”。消极能力论要求“一个人安于不确定的、神秘的、怀疑的境地中,而不急于追究事实和理由”。济慈自己的诗歌创作很好的体现了这一观点，无论是在颂诗的创作中还是在叙事诗的写作里，济慈都深入体会，展开想象，全力描写美这一主题。本文由四个部分组成。第一部分介绍了消极能力论的概念，对消极能力论的误解“消极和积极”进行了探讨，并对消极能力论的含义进行了剖析，指出消极能力论由由三部分组成：作为目标的“真与美”，作为创作效果的“浓烈”和作为创作态度的“漠不关心”。第二部分从分析“醒着或是睡着”，“两个世界”，颂诗中的“真与美”等命题中来分析消极能力论在颂诗中的表现，认为对现实世界与梦境世界，真与美的矛盾的不断探寻和讨论中，作者理论水平和诗艺不断发展，消极能力论进而慢慢成熟，，颂诗也越来越精致优美。第三部分讨论“浓烈”效果。济慈认为，浓烈效果能消除一切矛盾对立因素。正是因为完美的表现了“浓烈”的效果，《秋颂》成为消极能力论指导下创作出的颂诗的巅峰。第四部分从创作态度入手，济慈认为，拥有消极能力论的莎士比亚在《李尔王》中体现出来“诗人无个性”和“漠不关心”的态度，是其成功的关键。而济慈的六首颂诗中自我的渐渐隐退，也恰好是对“漠不关心”和诗人无个性的完全表现。最后得出结论，济慈在颂诗中体现出消极能力论的两个不同的层面，这表现出消极能力论的发展和诗人理论和诗艺成熟的过程。消极能力论作为济慈诗歌理论中最重要的一条，成就了他在理论上的地位，更让其颂诗拥有永久的审美价值。
[Abstract]:John Keats,1795-1821 lived for only 26 years, but as a poet, his achievements were remarkable. His eulogy is a classic of English poetry in both language and image, which can be regarded as a masterpiece from generation to generation. In terms of literary theory, most of his poetic views are scattered in his letters to family, friends and publishers. The purpose of Keats's poetry theory in his letter is to emphasize the great role of imagination and the cohesion and expression of emotion, and on this basis, puts forward the "negative ability theory", which attracts the attention of many critics later. Negative competence theory requires "a person to settle in uncertain, mysterious, suspicious situations and not in a hurry to pursue facts and reasons." Keats' own poetry creation reflects this point of view very well. Keats deeply understands, imagines and describes the theme of beauty, both in the creation of eulogizing poems and in the writing of narrative poems. This paper consists of four parts. The first part introduces the concept of negative ability theory, probes into the misunderstanding of negative ability theory, analyzes the meaning of negative ability theory, and points out that negative ability theory consists of three parts: "truth and beauty" as the goal, "strong" as the creative effect and "indifference" as the creative attitude. The second part analyzes the expression of negative ability theory in eulogizing poetry from the propositions of "awake or asleep", "two worlds" and "truth and beauty" in eulogizing poems, and holds that in the continuous exploration and discussion of the contradiction between real world and dream world, truth and beauty, the author's theoretical level and poetic art continue to develop, the theory of negative ability gradually matures, and the eulogy is becoming more and more exquisite and beautiful. The third part discusses the effect of "strong". Keats believes that strong effects can eliminate all contradictory and antagonistic factors. It is precisely because of the perfect expression of the effect of "strong" that "Ode to Autumn" has become the pinnacle of the hymn created under the guidance of negative ability theory. In the fourth part, starting with the creative attitude, Keats believes that Shakespeare, who has the theory of negative ability, embodies the attitude of "poet without personality" and "indifference" in King Lear, which is the key to his success. The gradual retreat of Keats' six eulogizing poems also happens to be a complete expression of indifference and the poet's lack of personality. Finally, it is concluded that Keats embodies two different levels of negative ability theory in eulogizing poetry, which shows the development of negative ability theory and the process of poet theory and poetry art maturity. As the most important part of Keats' poetry theory, negative ability theory has achieved his position in theory and made his eulogy poems have permanent aesthetic value.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.072

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