歌剧《自由射手》民族特性及农民音乐形象塑造之探究

发布时间：2018-01-18 12:14

本文关键词：歌剧《自由射手》民族特性及农民音乐形象塑造之探究　出处：《上海音乐学院》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在19世纪浪漫主义初期德国歌剧艺术由于政治经济等多方面原因,一直形不成自己本民族歌剧特色,意大利式歌剧的冲击让德国歌剧艺术风格摇摆不定,虽然在18世纪末期德国歌剧出现了歌唱剧,受到了群众的欢迎,而且还有莫扎特和贝多芬的歌剧作品出现,但是一直没有一部作品能够真正代表德国浪漫主义歌剧,直到韦伯的《自由射手》的出现。卡尔·玛利亚·冯·韦伯(Carl Maria von Weber,1786—1826),德国作曲家、指挥家、钢琴家、音乐评论家。他一生创作的作品体裁范围较广,其中《自由射手》(Der Freischutz)是他一生当中非常重要的歌剧作品代表之一,从整个歌剧史来说,它不仅是浪漫派歌剧的典型,而且像它这种充满朝气的作品也为数不多,给后来的歌剧运动以深远的影响。《自由射手》的成功并不是偶然,而是必然。首先,它在19世纪德国的大背景下,顺应民众的愿望,写出反应德国民族民间情趣的歌剧,将德国神秘的大森林、德国的农民、德国的民间故事搬上歌剧舞台在当时也是极其罕见的,其次,具有浓郁的民族特点的音乐素材渗透在这部歌剧的全部并且给予了它一种特殊的风格,表现出了德国人民的声音。论文将围绕着《自由射手》的民族特性和农民音乐形象的塑造进行构架,共分为三个章节,第一章回顾了作曲家韦伯的生平和歌剧的创作背景；第二章围绕着《自由射手》的民族特性进行比较细致的研究,从脚本的题材、歌剧的体裁和音乐语言的民族特性三个方面入手,揭示了《自由射手》为何会在19世纪成为一部深受德国民众喜爱的歌剧,并且还能够流传至今,简单剖析了《自由射手》音乐语言和表现手法上的特点；第三章从歌剧的角色及声部配置、歌剧主要人物与剧情的联系和主要人物咏叹调、重唱曲及合唱曲演唱诠释这三个方面入手,从演唱者的角度阐述分析了歌剧中农民音乐形象的塑造和歌剧主要人物与剧情的联系,论文将歌剧中主要人物的性格和心理状态结合着歌剧剧情的发展变化进行深刻分析,在这个基础上,阐明了主要人物咏叹调、重唱曲及合唱曲的演唱处理。结语部分从歌剧中农民音乐形象的塑造出发,体现了歌剧中人物的多样性和复杂性,多样性是指不同的人物之间的对比,而复杂性是指人物本身所具有心理特征的描写。韦伯在他的歌剧中通过不同场景的咏叹调、重唱曲和合唱曲等形式有机结合,将德国民族民间音乐元素注入其中,表现得恰到好处,研究韦伯歌剧《自由射手》的目的在于说明这部歌剧的精髓是来自民族特性,又是在民族特性上进行大胆的创新和吸收,这正是的德国浪漫主义歌剧产生的真正动力,正如克莱内克所说：“浪漫主义音乐是一部完美的艺术品,各种相近的艺术门类构成了一个整体,所有的部分已消失、已溶为一体,各种被利用的艺术门类通过某种方式的自我毁灭创造了一个崭新的世界。”
[Abstract]:In 19th century, due to political and economic reasons, the German opera art in the early period of Romanticism could not become its own national opera characteristic. The impact of Italian opera made the German opera art style wobble. Although in the end of 18th century German operas appeared and were welcomed by the masses, there were also operas by Mozart and Beethoven. But no work really represented German Romantic opera until Weber's Free Sagittarius appeared. Carl Maria von Webber Carl Maria von Webern 1786-1826, German composer, conductor, pianist. Music critic. He created a wide range of works in his life, among which "Free Sagittarius" Der Freischutz is one of the most important opera works in his life. From the whole history of opera, it is not only a typical Romantic opera, but also a few works full of vitality, which has a profound influence on the later opera movement. The success of "Free Sagittarius" is not accidental, but inevitable. First of all, in the context of Germany in 19th century, it responded to the wishes of the people and wrote an opera reflecting the national and folk interests of Germany. Putting Germany's mysterious forest, German farmers, German folk stories on the stage of opera was also extremely rare at that time, followed by. The musical material with rich national characteristics permeates the whole of the opera and gives it a special style. It shows the voice of the German people. The thesis will be organized around the national characteristics of "Free Archer" and the shaping of the peasant music image, which is divided into three chapters. The first chapter reviews the life of composer Weber and the background of the creation of opera; The second chapter focuses on the national characteristics of "Free Sagittarius", from three aspects: the theme of script, the genre of opera and the national characteristics of musical language. It reveals why "Free Sagittarius" became a popular opera in Germany in 19th century and can still be passed down to this day. It also analyzes the characteristics of "Free Sagittarius" music language and expression technique. The third chapter from the role of the opera and the voice configuration, opera main characters and the plot of the relationship and the main characters arias, singing and chorus interpretation of these three aspects. From the angle of the singer, this paper analyzes the shaping of the peasant music image in the opera and the relation between the main characters of the opera and the plot. Based on the deep analysis of the character and psychological state of the main characters in the opera and the development and changes of the opera plot, this paper clarifies the arias of the main characters. The conclusion part starts from the shaping of the peasant music image in the opera, which reflects the diversity and complexity of the characters in the opera, which refers to the contrast between the different characters. The complexity refers to the description of the psychological characteristics of the characters themselves. In his opera, Weber organically combines the different forms of arias, recitals and choral songs. German folk music elements injected into them, the right performance, the study of Weber opera "Free Sagittarius" the purpose is to show that the essence of the opera is from the national characteristics. It is also a bold innovation and absorption in the national characteristics, which is the real motive force of German Romantic opera, as Kleinek said: "Romantic music is a perfect work of art." All sorts of similar categories of art form a whole, all the parts have disappeared, have dissolved into one, and the various kinds of art that have been used have created a new world through some way of self-destruction. "
【学位授予单位】：上海音乐学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J832

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