河北省定兴县贤寓调调查与研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 05:17

本文关键词： 贤寓调产生背景艺术源流音乐风格作用保护　出处：《河北大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：定兴县优越的地理位置、自然环境、悠久的历史、灿烂的文化成就了“会戏”贤寓调。之所以称之为“会戏”,是因为这一小剧种生存于民间花会之中.,它是在当地民歌和蹦板戏的基础上,立足于本地方言,大量吸收河北梆子、京剧等当地流行剧种的营养,逐步发展而成。以《回龙传》、《玉环记》、《血泪仇》、《过光景》等剧目为代表的贤寓调,不仅曾极大地满足了当地人的精神需求、文化传播和教育需求、民俗活动需求,而且在促进社会和谐方面发挥了重要作用。更重要的是,它曾为宣传抗日、宣传党的各项政策做出了不可磨灭的贡献。尽管贤寓调曾在北京以南,保定以北的定兴方言区风靡一时,但它始终是一个以满足当地农民自娱自乐为主要目的民间花会小戏。贤寓人没有像人们期待和想象的那样,成立职业戏班。这源于贤寓调“会戏”性质和专业“戏子”低下的社会地位,以及当地人相对富足的生活。从小车会、落子会到同乐会,再到剧团,随着组织名称的变化,贤寓调历经了一个从产生到发展,再到相对成熟的过程。该过程的动力是民间花会间的良性竞争——斗乐。另外,政府的扶持也起了“锦上添花”的作用。其经济供养源于众人捐助和“官产”。 1948年后,特别是从文化大革命开始,在大剧种京剧的威胁下,贤寓调逐渐淡出了人们的视野,成为大文化吞噬小文化现象的代表。随着时代的变迁,社会环境的改变,传统戏曲面临着危机。生活在大剧种夹缝中的“会戏"贤寓调处境更为堪忧。十年动乱无人问津,在不会记谱、没有录音、录像的条件下,当地农民忘却了贤寓调的唱法。现在能回忆起贤寓调唱腔的年过七旬的几位老人,已经难以描述所有唱腔的本来面目。现在,残留在人们记忆中的些许唱腔,也不为所有人信服。虽然贤寓调的作用和功能与以往已大不相同,但贤寓老年学校的老人们仍把它当作精神食粮。作为河北省非物质文化遗产的贤寓调,挖掘、保护工作并未取得实质性进展。这也成为中国非物质文化遗产重申报、轻保护的具体体现。贤寓调音乐主要为板腔体,唱腔质朴、苍劲,方言化的唱词通俗易懂。评剧的腔、梆子的调、京剧的韵,再加上定兴音调和语调,使其成为风格独特的地方小剧种,具有较高的艺术价值。所以,贤寓调应得到保护和传承。在这一问题上,政府职能部门应担负起主要责任。在此基础上,笔者认为,保护和传承贤寓调的有效措施为：加强对现有贤寓调传承人的保护、贤寓调走进中小学校园、充分利用贤寓剧场和当地风俗为贤寓调创造展示机会、贤寓人改变观念,将贤寓调融入现有民俗。
[Abstract]:Dingxing County's superior geographical location, natural environment, a long history, The brilliant culture has made the "Hui Opera" sage. The reason why it is called "the Hui Opera" is that this small kind of play exists in the folk flower meeting. It is based on the local folk songs and skipboard operas, based on the local dialect, and absorbs Hebei Bangzi in large quantities. The nourishment of Beijing Opera and other local popular operas has been gradually developed. Such performances as "return to the Dragon", "Yuhuan Ji", "Blood and tears feud", "past time" and so on have not only greatly satisfied the spiritual, cultural and educational needs of the local people. The demand for folklore activities played an important role in promoting social harmony. More importantly, it had made an indelible contribution to the propaganda of resistance against Japan and the Party's policies. Although Xianyu was once popular in the Dingxing dialect area, south of Beijing and north of Baoding, it has always been a folk flower show with the main purpose of satisfying the local peasants to amuse themselves. The Xianyu people are not as people expect and imagine. The establishment of professional drama troupes stems from the low social status of the "opera players" and the relatively rich life of the local people. From the car club, the Luozi club to the fun club, and then to the theater troupe, with the change of the name of the organization, the tone of Xianyu went through a period from birth to development. Then to the relatively mature process. The motive force of this process is the healthy competition among the folk flower clubs. In addition, the support of the government also plays the role of "adding flowers to the cake". Its economic support comes from donations and "official property". After 1948, especially from the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, under the threat of Beijing Opera, Xianyu gradually faded out of people's sight and became the representative of the phenomenon of big culture devouring small culture. With the change of times and the change of social environment, Traditional opera is facing a crisis. The "meeting drama", which lives in the middle of a large drama, is in a more worrying situation. Ten years of turmoil have gone unnoticed, without recording, recording, or video recording. The local farmers forgot the singing method of the hymns. Now it is difficult to describe the true nature of all the songs of a few elderly people over 70 who can recall the hymns. Now, some of the songs that remain in the memory of the people, Not for everyone. Although the functions and functions of the Yin Yu tune are quite different from those of the past, the old people in the Xianyu Senior School still regard it as a spiritual food, and as an intangible cultural heritage of Hebei Province, they excavate it. No substantial progress has been made in the protection work. This has also become the concrete embodiment of China's intangible cultural heritage declaration but less protection. The music of Xianyu tone is mainly composed of a flat cavity, simple, vigorous, dialect singing words that are easy to understand. The tune of the opera, the tune of Bangzi, the rhyme of Beijing opera, plus the tone and tone of Dingxing, make it a kind of local small drama of unique style. It is of high artistic value. Therefore, the tone of the sages should be protected and passed on. On this issue, the government departments should shoulder the main responsibility. On this basis, the author thinks, The effective measures for protecting and inheriting the tone of the past are as follows: to strengthen the protection of the existing talents and the inheritors, to make the best use of the theater and the local customs to create opportunities for the display and change the ideas of the virtuous and the people, and to make full use of the opera and the local customs to create display opportunities for them to change their ideas. Integrate the tone of virtue into the existing folklore.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J825

【引证文献】